Web Survey Bibliography
The proliferation of mixed-mode surveys, where data is collected from respondents using different survey modes, raises concerns about whether respondent characteristics are being measured equivalently across modes, as the data often are combined for analysis. Mode differences often encourage survey designers to construct questions differently, depending on the mode being used to survey respondents. In this paper, we compare scalar formats using both telephone and web modes to identify ways of asking scalar questions that present the same stimulus to respondents across telephone and web modes so scalar questions can be constructed optimally for mixed-mode surveys. We include several experimental manipulations designed to compare the same scales across telephone and web modes as well as different scales within these modes. Our results indicate that mode and format independently influence responses to scalar questions; however, the interaction of mode and scalar format is not significant in any of the models. Overall, we find telephone respondents provide more positive ratings than web respondents and are more likely to select the most positive extreme endpoint category. We also find differences across scales within telephone and web modes.
Web Survey Bibliography - Smyth, J. D. (32)
- The effects of item saliency and question design on measurement error in a self-administered survey; 2012; Stern, M. J., Smyth, J. D., Mendez, J.
- Does Giving People Their Preferred Survey Mode Actually Increase Survey Participation Rates?; 2012; Olson, K., Smyth, J. D., Wood, H.
- Turn that Frown Upside-Down: The Effects of Smiley Faces as Symbolic Language in Self-administered Surveys...; 2012; Libman, A., Smyth, J. D.
- Literacy and Data Quality in Self-Administered Surveys; 2011; Smyth, J. D., Olson, K.
- Medium Node: NSF Census Research Network; 2011; McCutcheon, A. L., Belli, R. F., Olson, K., D.; Smyth, J. D., Soh, L.-K.
- Internet Survey Methods: A Review of Strengths, Weaknesses, and Innovations; 2010; Smyth, J. D., Pearson, J. E.
- Using the Internet to Survey Small Towns and Communities: Limitations and Possibilities in the Early...; 2010; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., O'Neill, A. C.
- Response format effects on measurement of employment; 2009; Thomas, R. K., Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D.
- Open-Ended Questions in Web Surveys: Can Increasing the Size of Answer Boxes and Providing Extra Verbal...; 2009; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., McBride, M.
- ...; 2008; Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., Christian, L. M., O'Neill, A. C.
- The Effects of Mode and Format on Answers to Scalar Questions in Telephone and Web Surveys; 2008; Christian, L. M., Dillman, D. A., D.Smyth, J. D.
- Internet, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method ; 2008; Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., Smyth, J. D.
- Combining Mail and Internet Methods to Conduct Household Surveys of the General Public: A New Methodology...; 2008; Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., Christian, L. M., Oneill, A.
- Does "Yes or No" on the Telephone Mean the Same as "Check-All-That-Apply" on the...; 2008; D., Christian, L. M., Dillman, D. A.Smyth, J. D.
- Context effects in Internet Surveys: New issues and evidence; 2007; D. Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., Smith, A.Smyth, J. D.
- Improving response quality in list-style open-ended questions in web and telephone surveys; 2007; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M.
- Visual Design, Order Effects, and Respondent Characteristics in a Self-Administered Survey; 2007; Stern, M. J., Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D.
- Improving the Quality of Open-End Questions in Mail, Web, and Telephone Surveys; 2007; Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D.
- Design Effects in the Transition to Web-Based Surveys; 2007; Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D.
- Helping Respondents Get It Right the First Time: The Influence of Words, Symbols, and Graphics in Web...; 2007; Christian, L. M., Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D.
- Is it Possible to Obtain Equivalent Answers to Scalar Questions in Web and Telephone Surveys?; 2006; Christian, L. M., Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D.
- Open-Ended Questions in Web and Telephone Surveys; 2006; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., McBride, M.
- Effects of Using Visual Design Principles to Group Response Options in Web Surveys; 2006; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., Stern, M. J.
- Comparing Check-All and Forced-Choice Question Formats in Web Surveys; 2006; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., Stern, M. J.
- The Effects of Mode and Format on Answers to Scalar Questions in Telephone and Web Surveys; 2006; Christian, L. M., Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D.
- Does ‘Yes or No‘ on the Telephone Mean the Same as ‘Check-all-that-apply’ on...; 2006; Smyth, J. D., Christian, L. M., Dillman, D. A.
- Instructing Web and Telephone Respondents to Report Date Answers in Format Desired by the Surveyor; 2005; Christian, L. M., Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D.
- In Search of Equivalency across Modes: Experimental Results Comparing Alternative Question Formats for...; 2005; Christian, L. M., Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D.
- Comparing Check-All and Forced-Choice Question Formats in Web Surveys: The Role of Satisficing, Depth...; 2005; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., Stern, M. J.Chou, C.; de Rouvray, C.Christianson DeMay...
- How Visual Grouping Influences Answers To Internet Surveys; 2004; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., Stern, M. J.
- The Uses of Paradata for Evaluating Alternative Versions of Web Survey Questions; 2004; Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., Christian, L. M., Stern, M. J.
- Multiple Answer Questions in Self-administered Surveys: The Use of Check-All-That-Apply and Forced-Choice...; 2003; Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., Christian, L. M., Stern, M. J.