Web Survey Bibliography
A well-established risk factor in surveys is social desirability bi as (SOB): the tendency to report about oneself in a favourable manner (Edwards 1957). Standard solutions consist of the inclusion of a scale, e.g. the Marlowe-Crowne scale (Crowne & Marlowe 1960) that should measure the respondent's general SOB. Such solutions, however, have serious limitations and are criticized by many (e.g., Barger 2002). One disadvantage is that a SOB scale does not allow to assess the amount of SOB included in self-reports of specific forms of behaviour since the sea les only measure the respondent's _general_ SOB. As an alternative, researchers have proposed using _indirect questioning_ as a means of overcoming social desirability bias (Fisher 1993). Indirect questioning asks respondents about what ,,"other people'''' think about some, potentially sensitive, issue. The idea is that respondents may find it easier to express their own opinions and attitudes on a sensitive issue in response to such indirect and impersonal questions. Indeed it seems to be the case that this approach may help alleviate social desirability bias (Jo 1997). In the literature on online data collection, however, some support can be found that in online surveys respondents feel more anonymous and are therefore somewhat less susceptible to SOB (Richman et al. 1999, Joinson 1999). It is therefore an open question whether the inclusion of indirect questions is worth its efforts in online surveys.
ln our contribution, we strive at measuring the willingness to contribute to collective goods in groups by presenting realistic scenarios about group behaviour to the respondent. We compare to which extent the tendency to give socially desirable answers is reduced by using indirect questions. More specific, we analyse under which conditions the approach leads to a reduction of the SOB for a number of behavioural forms. Such conditions include characteristics of the respondent, the question, and the survey topic. For example, we hypothesize that questions describing scenarios should be short enough so that the respondent does not give in to the incentive to read ,,"diagonally"". One hypothesis is that longer ,,"scenarioquestions"" lead to less reduction of social desirability bias (that is, to less of a difference between direct and indirect questioning). We use quasi-experimental data of two online surveys that present similar questions to eBay users and to members of online communities for teachers.
Web survey bibliography (4086)
- Using the Internet for surveys and health research; 2002; Eysenbach, G., Wyatt, J. C.
- Internet-Based Psychological Experimenting: Five Dos and Five Don'ts; 2002; Reips, U.-D.
- Self-administered questions by telephone: Evaluating interactive voice response; 2002; Tourangeau, R., Steiger, D. M.,
- The Kid's Experimental Psychology Lab: A Web Site for Internet Research with Children; 2002; Frick, A., Reips, U.-D.
- Assessing Internet Questionnaires: The online pretest lab; 2002; Graef, L.
- Understanding the Willingness to Participate in Online-Surveys - The case of E-mail questionnaires; 2002; Bosnjak, M., Batinic, B.
- Conducting Research Surveys via E-mail and the Web; 2002; Schonlau, M., Elliot, M. N., Fricker, R. D.
- From Mail to Web: Improving Response Rates and Data Collection Efficiencies; 2002; Crawford, S. D., McCabe, S. E., Couper, M. P., Boyd, C. J.
- A Comparison Between Mail and Web Surveys: Response Pattern, Respondent Profile, and Data Quality; 2002; Kwak, N., Radler, B. T.
- Have Telephone Surveys a Future in the 21-th century?; 2002; de Leeuw, E. D., Lepkowski, J. M., Kim, S.-W.
- Do it yourself, Web-style; 2002; Glowa, T.
- Using phone methods in a digital age; 2002; Fitzgerald, A.
- Designing a Strategy for Reducing "No Opinion" Responses in Web-Based Surveys; 2002; de Rouvray, C., Couper, M. P.
- Effect of trust on customer acceptance of Internet banking; 2002; Suh, B., Han, I.
- Establishing data validity in conjoint: Experiences with Internet-based ‘mega-studies’; 2002; Moskowitz, H., Moskowitz, J., Beckley, J., Mascuch, T., Adams, Ju., Sendros, A., Keeling, C.
- Work-life balance among Croatian employees: role time commitment, work-home interference and well-being...; 2002; Sverko, B. B., Araasic, L., Galesic, M.
- Data collection through web-based technology; 2002; Swartz, R. W., Hancock, C.
- Online Data Collection; 2002; Topp, N. W., Pawloski, B.
- Electronic data collection in Statistic Norway; 2002; Sæbø, H. V., Gloersen, R., Sve, D.
- Citizen Perceptions of Community Policing: Comparing Internet and Mail Survey Responses; 2002; Ballard, C., Prine, R.
- An evaluation of the effect of response formats on data quality in Web surveys; 2002; Heerwegh, D., Loosveldt, G.
- Testing Web Questionnaires; 2002; Crawford, S. D., Baker, R. P.
- Web Surveys: The Effect of Controlling Survey Access using PIN Numbers; 2002; Heerwegh, D., Loosveldt, G.
- (Non)Response bei Web-Befragungen; 2002; Bosnjak, M.
- A Nonresponse Analysis of a Mail-Web Mode Comparison; 2002; Boyd, C. J., Crawford, S. D., McCabe, S. E., Couper, M. P.
- Usability Testing of Web Data Collection Instruments; 2002; Thalji, L., Antunes, M. J., Wiebe, E. F.
- Mode Effect in Web Surveys; 2002; Vehovar, V., Lozar Manfreda, K.
- Nonresponse in Web Surveys; 2002; Vehovar, V., Lozar Manfreda, K., , Batagelj, Z.
- Generalizability Issues in Internet-Based Survey Research: Implications for the Internet Addiction Controversy...; 2002; Bremer, J.
- Collective action in the age of the Internet: Mass communication and online mobilization; 2002; Brunsting, S., Postmes, T.
- Cognitive processes in Web Surveys; 2002; Fuchs, M.
- Computer-assisted Self-interviewing over the Web: Criteria for Evaluating Survey Software with Reference...; 2001; Flatley, J.
- Creating a Web research guide: Collaboration between liaisons, faculty and students; 2001; Sugarman, T. S., Demetracopoulos, C.
- Questionnaire Pretesting Methods: Do Different Techniques and Different Organizations Produce Similar...; 2001; Rothgeb, J. M., Willis, G. B., Forsyth, B. H.
- Practical methods for sampling rare and mobile populations; 2001; Kalton, G.
- Recommended Standard Final Outcome Categories and Standard Definitions of Response Rate for Social Surveys...; 2001; Lynn, P., Beerten, R., Laiho, J., Martin, J.
- Visual Analog Scales: Do they have a role in the measurement of preferences for health states?; 2001; Torrance, G. W., Feeny, D., Furlong, W.
- Trends in household survey nonresponse: A longitudinal and international comparison; 2001; de Leeuw, E. D., de Heer, W.
- The construction of attitudes; 2001; Schwarz, N., Bohnerd, G.
- Subscale distance and item clustering effects in self-administered surveys: A new metric; 2001; Bradlow, E. T., Fitzsimons, G. J.
- On the use of college students in social science research: Insights from a second‐order meta...; 2001; Peterson, R. A.
- Introduction to behavioral research on the internet; 2001; Birnbaum, M. H.
- Experiments on column width spacing in the University of Michigan Student Life Survey; 2001; Boyd, C. J., McCabe, S. E., Couper, M. P., Crawford, S. D.
- Building an alternative response process model for business surveys; 2001; Willimack, D. K., Nichols, E. M.
- Ethische Dimensionen der Online-Forschung; 2001; Dzeyk, W.
- Panel Bias from Attrition and Conditioning: A Case Study of the Knowledge Networks Panel; 2001; Clinton, J. D.
- Web experiment on colour harmony principles applied to computer user interface design; 2001; Laugwitz, B.
- Knowledge acquisition, navigation and eye movements from text and hypertext; 2001; Naumann, A., Waniek, J., Krems, J. F.
- Score Reliability in Web or Internet-Based Surveys: Unnumbered Graphic Rating Scales versus Likert-Type...; 2001; Cook, C., Heath, F., Thompson, R. L., Thompson, B.
- On-line student feedback: A pilot study ; 2001; Galbraith, L. B., Gee, P., Jennings, F., Riley, R.