Web Survey Bibliography
The anonymity of the internet is often - especially in the context of online surveys - touted as an advantage (Dbring, 2003; Reips, 2002). But anonymity does not depend purely on objective factors. Under the same objective conditions, the manipulation of certain variables can influence subjective anonymity as well as consequent behaviour, For instance, confidentiality or privacy assurances can improve data quality (Durant, Carey & Schoder, 2002). The influence of privacy assurances is also dependent on the topic of the study. Privacy assurances can increase anonymity concerns on general topics; they lead to better data when the topic is sensitive (Singer, 1993).
The following survey focuses on the effects of subjective anonymity. An experimental design was used to explore the influence of the existence respectively the wording of privacy assurances on social desirability, data quality and rating of the survey, Two surveys were conducted to analyse the differences between general and sensitive topics, Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (no privacy note, short note, detailed note). Among other questions, Stober's SES-17 (1999) was used to examine social desirability.
The study shows a significant effect of privacy assurance under the same objective anonymity conditions. Participants who read a privacy note show higher social desirability and rate the survey differently. Additionally, topic sensitivity has an effect. When shown a detailed privacy note, participants give more normative answers to sensitive questions (regarding sexual behaviour); a short privacy note has no influence. When participants in online surveys are not asked for personal data or other information which would identify them, a detailed privacy note seems to influence their answers negatively. Anonymity concerns may arise and decrease subjective anonymity. In summary, detailed privacy notes may be counterproductive and should be used with caution.
Anonymitat im Internet und speziell bei Online-Untersuchungen wird zumeist als Vorteil dargestelIt (Dbring, 2003; Reips, 2002). Anonymitat kann nicht ausschlier!.lich an objektive Gegebenheiten festgemacht werden. Bei gleicher objektiver Anonymitat kbnnen durch Manipulation anderer Variablen die subjektive Wahrnehmung der Anonymitat und die Antworten von Personen beeinflusst werden, z. B. k6nnen Datenschutzhinweise die Datenqualitat verbessern (Durant, Carey & Schoder, 2002). Der Einfluss von Datenschutzhinweisen ist ebenfalls von The-, ma der Untersuchung abhangig. AusfUhrliche Hinweise k6nnen bei allgemeinen Themen sogar BefUrchtungen bezuglich der Anonymitat ausl6sen und somit die Datenqualitat beeintrachtigen. Bei inhaltlich sensiblen Themen wirken sich ausfUhrliche Hinweise positiv auf die Datenqualitat aus (Singer, 1993).
Der Fokus der Studie liegt auf der subjektiven Anonymitat von Teilnehmerlnnen an Online-Untersuchungen bei gegebener objektiver Anonymitat. In einem Experiment wurden die Auswirkungen von unterschiedlich ausfUhrlichen Datenschutzhinweisen auf die soziale Erwunschtheit, Antwortverhalten und einer Bewertung des Fragebogens untersucht. Zwei Untersuchungen wurden durchgefUhrt, um die Unterschiede zwischen sensiblen und allgemeinen Themen zu berucksichtigen. Teilnehmerlnnen wurden anfangs zufallig einer von drei Bedingungen (kein Hinweis, kurzer Hinweis oder ausfUhrlicher Hinweis) zugeteilt. Unter anderem wurde die soziale Erwunschtheit mit dem SES-17 (Stober, 1999) untersucht.
Es zeigt sich ein Einfluss der Datenschutzhinweise auf die Antworten bei gleicher objektiver Anonymitat. Personen, die einen Datenschutzhinweis erhalten bzw. gesehen haben, zeigen h6here Werte bei der sozialen Erwunschtheit. Auch die Bewertungen der Untersuchungen werden von den Datenschutzhinweisen beeinflusst. Zusatzlich zeigt sich ein Einfluss der inhaltlichen Sensibilitat des Untersuchungsthemas. Bei inhaltlich sensiblen Themen (Sexu eli em Verhalten) fUhrt ein ausfUhrlicher Datenschutzhinweis zu einer vermehrten Angabe von "normalem" sexuellem Verhalten. Fur den kurzen Datenschutzhinweis zeigt sich kein signifikanter Einfluss.
Bei Online-Untersuchungen, die keine identifizierbaren Daten der Teilnehmerlnnen erfragen, wirken sich ausfUhrliche Datenschutzhinweise negativ auf die Antworten der Teilnehmerlnnen aus. BefOrchtungen uber die Anonymitat kènnen entstehen und dadurch wird die subjektive Anonymitat gesenkt. Zusammenfassend zeigt sich, dass ausfOhrlichen Datenschutzhinweise kontraproduktiv sein kènnen und ihr Einsatz gut uberlegt sein sollte.
Web Survey Bibliography - Other (450)
- E-mail and Postcard Invitation Designs to Maximize Web-Survey Responses Rates; 2008; Kaplowitz, M. D., Lupi, F., Couper, M. P., Thorp, L.
- The Impact of the Spacing of the Scale Options in a Web Survey; 2008; Kennedy, C., Tourangeau, R., Conrad, F. G., Couper, M. P., Redline, C. D.
- How Visual Composition of Web Pages Influences Survey Response; 2008; Mahon-Haft, T., Dillman, D. A.
- An Analysis of Mode Effects in Three Mixed-Mode Surveys of Veteran and Military Populations; 2008; Rachev, B., Yang, M., Davis, D., Szoc, R.
- Gender-of-Interviewer Effects in Video-Enhanced Web Surveys. Results from a Randomized Field-Experiment...; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- Mail and Internet Surveys ; 2008; Dillman, D. A.
- Online research ethics; 2007; Madge, C.
- An Internet-Based Stated Choices Household Survey for Alternative Fuelled Vehicles ; 2007; Potoglou, D., Kanaroglou, P. S.
- ONLINE DATA COLLECTION – SOLUTION OR BAND-AID?; 2007; Crassweller, A., Williams, D., Thompson, I.
- EMBRACING TECHNOLOGY IN READERSHIP SURVEYS; 2007; Impedovo, D., Greene, D.
- MAGAZINE EFFECTIVENESS NOW DIRECTLY OBSERVABLE; 2007; Green, M.
- Applications of the Document Object Model (DOM) in Web-Surveys; 2007; Neubarth, W., Kaczmirek, L.
- Improving Data Quality in Web Surveys with Visual Analogue Scales; 2007; Funke, F., Reips, U. -D.
- Calibration and propensity score weighting in web surveys; 2007; Fabrizi, E., Biffignandi, S.
- THE READERSHIP CURRENCY: DUTCH DESIGN How a new methodology for AIR measurement opens up new perspectives...; 2007; Petric, I., Appel, M.
- Using Audio and Video Clips in Web Surveys — Feasibility and Impact on Data Quality; 2007; Fuchs, M., Funke, F.
- Using user feedback: Redesigning the "Survey of Industrial production"; 2007; Conrad, A.
- Making Sense of Data via the Web; 2007; Anolik, I.
- Design Details in Web Surveys; 2007; Couper, M. P.
- Employee Surveys Administered Online: Attitudes Toward the Medium, Nonresponse, and Data Representativeness...; 2007; Thompson, L. F., Surface, E. A.
- Testing for the survey mode effect on contingent valuation data quality: A case study of web based versus...; 2007; Marta-Pedroso, C., Freitas, H., Domingos, T.
- A comparison of reliability between telephone and web-based surveys; 2007; Braunsberger, K., Wybenga, H., Gates, R.
- Media usage in the age of Web 2.0 ; 2007; Trump, T., Spahlinger, M. P.
- The impact of the duration of affiliation and the intensity of questioning on the willingness of participation...; 2007; Wachenfeld, A.
- Quality of Online Research: Does it Improve Results? ; 2007; Lindemann, M.
- New Access to Information laws in Germany - a big bang for Computer-Assisted Reporting (CAR)? ; 2007; Redelfs, M.
- Subjective Anonymity in Online-Surveys ; 2007; Strassnig, B.
- A closer look at the effect of recruitment methods on data quality for online panel surveys ; 2007; Irmer, C., Wenzel, O., Peichl, M.
- Disclosure and Deception in Tomorrow's Survey lnterview; 2007; Hancock, J.
- Scaling Social Desirability: Establishing its Influence Across Modes; 2007; Krane, D., Thomas, R. K., Taylor, H.
- Web and Paper Surveys: Validity, Reliability, and Practically; 2007; Miller, L.
- To Branch or Not to Branch: Item Construction in Web Surveys; 2007; Grosse, A., Luks, S., Rivers, D.
- What's Missing from National RDD Surveys? The Impact of Growing Cell-Only Population.; 2007; Keeter, S., Kennedy, C., Tompson, T., Mokrzycki, M., Clark, A.
- Assessment of Variations in Response Rate of Web-Based Student Surveys; 2007; Mitra, A., McCoy, T., Champion, H., O'Brian, M., Gupta, M., Wolfson, M.
- Social Aspects of Mobile Phone Usage and Their Impact on Survey Cooperation; 2007; Vehovar, V., Callegaro, M.
- Compensating for low topic interest and long surveys: A field experiment on nonresponse in Web surveys...; 2007; Marcus, B., Bosnjak, M., Lindner, S., Pilischenko, S., Schuetz, A.
- Lotteries as Incentives in Longitudinal Web Studies; 2007; Goeritz, A., Wolff, H.-G.
- Design of Web Questionnaires: The Effect of Layout in Rating Scales ; 2006; Toepoel, V., Das, M., van Soest, A.
- Web-based Surveys in Logistics Research: An Empirical Application; 2006; Grant, D. B., Teller, C., Teller, W.
- Privacy laws, internet scams and other challenges affecting panel research Strategies to mitigate risk...; 2006; Stark, D.
- Perceptions of News Credibility about the War in Iraq: Why War Opponents Perceived the Internet as the...; 2006; Choi, J.H., Watt, J.H., Lynch, M.
- Weighting an Internet Panel Survey on Drug Use and Abuse; 2006; Gordek, H., Williams, R. L., Dai, L.
- Results from the International Survey of ASA Members; 2006; Luo, A., Sangster, R.
- Web-based data collection in China; 2006; Davison, R. M., Li, Y., Kam, C. S. P.
- Merely Incidental?: Effects of Response Format on Self-reported Behavior; 2006; Thomas, R. K., Klein, J. D.
- Can Web and Mail Survey Modes Improve Participation in an RDD-based National Health Surveillance?; 2006; Link, M. W., Mokdad, A.
- Encuestas a empleados a través de Internet: Conceptos y descubrimientos; 2006; Reips, U. -D.
- Collecting data on alcohol use and alcohol-related victimization: a comparison of telephone and Web-...; 2006; Parks, K. A., Pardi, A. M., Bradizza, C. M.
- Feasibility of Using Web-based Questionnaires in Large Population-based Epidemiological Studies; 2006; Ekman, A., Dickman, P. W., Klint, A., Weiderpass, E., Litton, J.-E.
- Experience-Based Suggestions for Achieving a High Survey Response Rate; 2006; Bruce, S., Hawkins, P., Sharp, M., Keller, A.