Web Survey Bibliography
Political communication always has a content and a relationship aspect and - according to Watzlawick (1980) - will ensure success if there is unity on both levels. This Ph.D. project focuses on the question of how negative actions on the relationship level ("Dirty Politics") affect the contents of political communication. What happens if the relationship aspect has a dominant negative tone and communication is mainly based on the degrading of the political opponent?
Using negative tactics in political communication is especially common in the
Taking Fruh’s and Sch6nbach's dynamic-transactional approach (1982) as our basis, we then develop a theoretical model which presents us with all those conditions (rules of discourse in political culture, psychosocial dispositions, political and cultural orientation etc.) which may be responsible for the success or the failure (e.g. damage of your self-image due to a backlash effect) of political communication. With the help of the theoretical model, we accordingly generate a series of questions dealing with the effects of these conditions and which are tested empirically in a series of Internet-based experiments.
A pre-test has already been carried out. It consists of nine test groups and the most important assumptions are as follows:
- Negativism displayed with a sense of humour reduces the damage caused to the communicator and results in a higher level of acceptance from the receiver.
- The credibility of negative communicative actions increases if the communicator is perceived as somebody independent of any political parties or organisations.
By looking at our first results, we will discuss the consequences as far as both the method and the content of our further work are concerned during the conference.
ln conclusion, we will have to answer the question of how future research projects might be able to connect the microstructure level to the macrostructure level. In other words, how can we draw conclusions as to the effects of a completely negative campaign by looking at the effects of non-related sporadic negative actions? Besides the aspects concerning the content, the focus will be on the feasibility of such research with the help of online research tools (e.g. multiple testing of a test person in a web experiment).
Politische Kommunikation hat immer einen Inhalts- und einen Beziehungsaspekt und fOhrt nach Watzlawick (1980) dann zum Erfolg, wenn auf beiden Ebenen Einigkeit herrscht.
Im Mittelpunkt dieses Dissertationsprojektes steht die Frage nach der Wirkung negativer Handlungen auf der Beziehungsebene ("Schmutziger Politik") in Hinblick auf die Inhalte politischer Kommunikation. Was geschieht, wenn der Beziehungsaspekt Oberwiegend negativ gefarbt ist und die Kommunikation auf Herabsetzung des politischen Gegners zielt?
Der Einsatz von negativen Taktiken in der politischen Kommunikation wird vor allem in den
Ausgehend vom dynamisch-transaktionalen Ansatz von Frueh und Sch6nbach (1982) wird ein theoretisches Modeli entwickelt, das Bedingungen (Diskursregeln der politischen Kultur, Psychosoziale Dispositionen, Politisch-kulturelle Orientierung etc.) aufzeigt, die fOr das Funktionieren bzw. Scheitern (z.B. Beschadigung des eigenen Images infoige eines "Backlash-Effektes") politischer Kommunikation verantwortlich sein konnen. Aus diesem theoretischen Modeli werden wirkungsbezogene Fragestellungen generiert, die in einer Serie von Online-Experimenten empirisch OberprOft werden.
Der bereits durchgefOhrte Pretest des Experiments umfasst neun Versuchsgruppen, zentrale Thesen sind u.a.:
- Negativismus auf der Humorwelle reduziert eine Imagebeschadigung des Kommunikators und erzielt eine h6here Akzeptanz beim Rezipienten.
- Die GlaubwOrdigkeit von negativen Kommunikationshandlungen steigt, wenn der Kommunikator als parteiungebunden und unabhangig gilt.
Im Rahmen der Konferenz sollen aufgrund erster Ergebnisse methodische und inhaltliche Konsequenzen fOr die weitere Arbeit diskutiert werden.
Abschlier..end bleibt die noch offene Frage zu kla ren, wie in zukuenftigen Forschungen eine Verbindung von der Mikro- zur Makrostrukturebene gezogen werden kann, d.h. wie koennen von der Wirkung negativer Einzelmassnahmen Rueckschluesse auf die Wirkung ganzer Negativ-Kampagnen gezogen werden? Neben inhaltlichen Aspekten wird hier vor allem die Frage der methodischen Umsetzbarkeit mit Online-Forschungsinstrumenten (z.B. Mehrfachmessung eines Probanden in einem Web-Experiment) zu pruefen sein.
Abschlier..end bleibt die noch offene Frage zu klaren , wie in zukOnftigen Forschungen eine Verbindung von der Mikro- zur Makrostrukturebene gezogen werden kann, d.h. wie koennen von der Wirkung negativer Einzelmar..nahmen Rueckschluesse auf di Wirkung ganzer Negativ-Kampagnen gezogen werden? Neben inhaltlichen Aspekten wird hier vor allem die Frage der methodischen Umsetzbarkeit mit Online-Forschungsinstrumenten (z.B. Mehrfachmessung eines Probanden in einem Web-Experiment) zu pruefen sein.
Web Survey Bibliography (6332)
- Theory of adaptation or survival of the fittest?; 2013; Cavallaro, K.
- Online Fundraising Essentials, Second Edition; 2013; Stevenson, S. C.
- Tips for Evaluating Online Effectiveness; 2013; Stevenson, S. C.
- The Digital Divide: The internet and social inequality in international perspective; 2013; Ragnedda, M., Muschert, G.
- Ten questions to ask your online survey provider; 2013; Williams, D.
- Survey quality prediction system 2.0; 2013
- Practical tools for designing and weighting survey samples; 2013; Valliant, R. L., Daver, J. A., Kreuter, F.
- Paradata in web sureys; 2013; Callegaro, M.
- Report Of The AAPOR Task Force On Non-probability sampling; 2013; Baker, R. P., Brick, J. M., Bates, N., Battaglia, M. P., Couper, M. P., Dever, J. A., Gile, K. J., Tourangeau...
- Mobile usability; 2013; Nielsen, J., Budiu, R.
- Incentive effects; 2013; Goeritz, A.
- A nationwide web-based freight data collection; 2013; Samimi, A., Mohammadian, A., Kawamura, K.
- Mode Matters: Evaluating Response Comparability in a Mixed-Mode Survey; 2013; Bowyer, B. T., Rogowski, J. C.
- Comparing Survey Results Obtained via Mobile Devices and Computers: An Experiment With a Mobile Web...; 2013; de Bruijne, M., Wijnant, A.
- Cognitive Probes in Web Surveys: On the Effect of Different Text Box Size and Probing Exposure on Response...; 2013; Behr, D., Bandilla, W., Kaczmirek, L., Braun, M.
- The E-Interview in Qualitative Research; 2013; Bampton, R., Cowton, C., Downs, Y.
- Methodological Considerations of Qualitative Email Interviews; 2013; Nehls, K.
- Best Practice in Online Survey Research with Sensitive Topics; 2013; Kays, K., Keith, T. L., Broughal, M. T.
- Research Intentions are Nothing without Technology: Mixed-Method Web Surveys and the Coberen Wall of...; 2013; Ganassali, S., Rodriguez-Santos, C.
- Reducing Response Burden for Enterprises Combining Methods for Data Collection on the Internet; 2013; Vik, T.
- Measuring Wages Worldwide: Exploring the Potentials and Constraints of Volunteer Web Surveys; 2013; Steinmetz, S., Raess, D., Tijdens, K., de Pedraza, P.
- Using Web Surveys for Psychology Experiments: A Case Study in New Media Technology for Research; 2013; Peden, B. F., Tiry , A. M.
- The Distinctiveness of Online Research: Descriptive Assemblages, Unobtrusiveness, and Novel Kinds of...; 2013; Lanfrey, D.
- Sampling, Channels, and Contact Strategies in Internet Survey; 2013; Macrì, E., Tessitore, C.
- Advancing Research Methods with New Technologies; 2013; Sappleton, N.
- Data Quality in PC and Mobile Web Surveys; 2013; Mavletova, A. M.
- PDAs in socio-economic surveys: instrument bias, surveyor bias or both?; 2013; Escobal, J., Benites, S.
- Virtual research assistants: Replacing human interviewers by automated avatars in virtual worlds; 2013; Hasler, B. S., Tuchman, P., Friedman, D.
- Compared to a small, supervised lab experiment, a large, unsupervised web-based experiment on a previously...; 2013; Ryan, R. S., Wilde, M., Crist, S.
- From mixed-mode to multiple devices. Web surveys, smartphone surveys and apps: has the respondent gone...; 2013; Callegaro, M.
- Moving an established survey online – or not?; 2013; Barber, T., Chilvers, D., Kaul, S.
- Using mobile devices to access the realities of youth: How identification with society influences political...; 2013; Smith, M.
- On the Use of Latent Variable Models to Detect Differences in the Interpretation of Vague Quantifiers...; 2013; Griffin, J.
- Managing mobile research: How it's different and why it matters; 2013; Kachhi-Jiwani, D., Tucker, J., Wilding-Brown, L.
- An approach to selecting online respondents; 2013; Terhanian, G.
- By the Numbers: Theory of adaptation or survival of the fittest?; 2013; Cavallaro, K.
- Designing and conducting business surveys; 2013; Snijkers, G.,Araldsen, G., , Willimack, D. K.Jones, J.
- Battle of the Scales: Understanding Respondent Scale Usage in the US and Abroad; 2013; Courtright, M., Pashupati, K., Pettit, F. A.
- Modular Survey Design: A Bite Size Proposal; 2013; Kelly, F., Stevens, S., Johnson, A.
- Cyborgs vs. Monsters: Assembling Modular Surveys to Create Complete Datasets; 2013; Johnson, E. P., Siluk, L., Tarraf, S.
- Do I Have Your Full Attention?; 2013; Cape, P. J.
- Does Sample Size Still Matter?; 2013; Bakken, D. G., Bond, M.
- Optimizing Surveys for Smartphones: Maximizing Response Rates While Minimizing Bias; 2013; Lattery, K., Park Bartolone, G., Saunders, T.
- Shorter Isn't Always Better; 2013; Burdein, I.
- Solving the Unintentional Mobile Challenge; 2013; Peterson, G., Mechling, J., LaFrance, J., Ham, G.
- Mobile Research Risk: What Happens to Data Quality When Respondents Use a Mobile Device for a Survey...; 2013; Baker-Prewitt, J.
- Internet-Based Recruitment to a Depression Prevention Intervention: Lessons From the Mood Memos Study...; 2013; Morgan, A. J., Jorm, A. F., Mackinnon, A. J.
- Challenges for Researchers Investigating Contraceptive Use and Pregnancy Intentions of Young Women Living...; 2013; Herbert, D. L., Loxton, D., Bateson, D., Weisberg, E., Lucke, J. C.
- Computer science security research and human subjects: Emerging considerations for research ethics boards...; 2013; Buchanan, E. A., Aycock, J., Dexter, S., Dittrich, D., Hvizdak, E. E.
- A standard for test reliability in group research; 2013; Ellis, J. L.