Web Survey Bibliography
Humanized agents are often implemented in the user interfaces of computers as well as other devices (e.g., IKEA’s animated online assistant ‘Anna’ and the iPhone speech-based personal assistant ‘Siri’). This study explores the design of humanized agents that interact with respondents in a Web survey questionnaire. Specifically, the agent intervenes when respondents speed, i.e., answer too fast to provide high quality data. Although a few previous studies on this type of intervention reported positive impact on response quality, the evidence also suggests that some respondents may lack the motivation to comply with the intervention requests. We speculate that the intervention could be more effective if respondents treat the intervention as if it is from a human agent rather than simply feedback from the computer; the risk is this may introduce social desirability bias. To explore this, we examine four designs of the intervention for the speeding; in all cases respondents will be prompted and asked to re-consider their answers when their answers are faster than the pre-specified threshold. We manipulate the picture and the text to either be more human-like or feel more like a computer program. We also contrast how the intervention is presented – either on the subsequent survey screen or in a pop-up window – to test the hypothesis that the latter might help create the sense of an agent stepping into the data collection process; as a result, respondents might be more likely to respond socially to the intervention when it involves humanized cues. This study compares the four intervention designs on: 1) respondents’ compliance with the intervention, 2) their subsequent response effort in the survey, and 3) the social desirability of their answers to subsequent sensitive questions.
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Web survey bibliography - Zhang, C. (16)
- Reducing speeding in web surveys by providing immediate feedback; 2017; Conrad, F.; Tourangeau, R.; Couper, M. P.; Zhang, C.
- Respondent mode choice in a smartphone survey ; 2017; Conrad, F. G., Schober, M. F., Antoun, C., Yan, H. Y., Hupp, A., Johnston, M., Ehlen, P., Vickers, L...
- Helping respondents provide good answers in Web surveys; 2016; Couper, M. P.; Zhang, C.
- Comparisons of Online Recruitment Strategies for Convenience Samples: Craigslist, Google AdWords, Facebook...; 2016; Antoun, C., Zhang, C., Conrad, F. G., Schober, M. F.
- A Review of Issues in Gamified Surveys; 2015; Keusch, F.; Zhang, Che.
- Speeding in Web Surveys: The tendency to answer very fast and its association with straightlining; 2013; Conrad, F. G.; Zhang, Che.
- Satisficing in Web Surveys: Implications for Data Quality and Strategies for Reduction; 2013; Zhang, Che.
- Speeding and Non-Differentiation in Web Surveys: Evidence of Correlation and Strategies for Reduction...; 2013; Zhang, Che.
- Evaluating Interactive Feedback in Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing (CASI); 2013; Hudson, M. L., Hupp, A., Zhang, C., Schroeder, H. M.
- Database Lookup in Web Surveys; 2012; Couper, M. P., Zhang, C., Conrad, F. G., Tourangeau, R.
- Designing Interactive Interventions in Web Surveys: Humanness, Social Presence and Data Quality; 2012; Zhang, Che.
- Impact on Data Quality of Making Incentives Salient in Web Survey Invitations.; 2011; Zhang, Che.
- Professional Web Respondents and Data Quality; 2010; Conrad, F. G., Tourangeau, R., Couper, M. P., Zhang, C.
- Differences Between Internet and Non-Internet Households on Survey Items: Do These Differences Disappear...; 2009; Zhang, C., Callegaro, M., Thomas, M.
- Do we hear different voices?: Investigating the differences between internet and non-internet users...; 2009; Zhang, C., Callegaro, M., Thomas, M., DiSogra, C.
- More than the digital divide?: Investigating the differences between Internet and non-Internet users; 2008; Zhang, C., Callegaro, M., Thomas, M.