Web Survey Bibliography
Even if respondents do not ask for help and advice when answering a survey question, they might misunderstand its intended meaning. Providing definitions of key terms may improve validity (Conrad & Schober 2000, Peytchev et al. 2010) and is apart from that the only way of helping respondents in self-administered surveys. In Web Surveys however plain written text is not always recognized and participants seldom use definitions even though it is just one or two clicks away (Conrad et al. 2006). In addition to definitions regarding the concept measured in a survey question, written in-structions regarding the formatting of a response are important features in survey settings where no interviewer is present. Studies concerning this issue mainly deal with the presenta-tion of answer elements (e.g., Christian, Dillman & Smith 2007). However, with the invention of Web 2.0 technologies researchers have the opportunity to make use of dynamic tooltip elements in order to convey crucial information in addition to the question wording. The aim of such strategy would be to increase the proportion of res-pondents who actually take notice of the definition or instruction when answering a survey question which in turn should increase response quality. In 2011 we conducted two field experimental studies among students and employees of the Technical University of Darmstadt as well as among the general public (N1 = 3,268, N2=1,000). As part of the respective questionnaires respondents answered various questions with and without definitions of key terms of the survey question and with and without in-struction on how to fill in the answer. In a between-subjects design respondents were ran-domly assigned to an experimental condition using either tooltip technology to convey defi-nitions or instructions. Controls versions made use of either a static HTML design or pro-vided no definition or instruction at all. In order to assess the effects of the tooltip technology on respondents, we will compare re-sponse distributions in order to determine whether respondents noticed the definition or instruction and whether they considered this additional information when answering the question. Results indicate, that instructions conveyed using tooltip technology seem to be considered by respondents. More than half of the respondents exposed to the tooltip version activated the tooltip for 3 or more seconds indicating that they had enough time to actually read it. Also, compared to the version without instructions and with static instructions in the tooltip version more respondents answered a questions formally correct.
Workshop Homepage (abstract) / (presentation)
Web survey bibliography - Fuchs, M. (33)
- Dynamic Instructions in Check-All-That-Apply Questions ; 2016; Kunz, T.; Fuchs, M.
- The Mobile Web Only Population: Socio-demographic Characteristics and Potential Bias ; 2016; Fuchs, M.; Metzler, A.
- The use and positioning of clarification features in web surveys; 2016; Metzler, A., Kunz, T., Fuchs, M.
- Recruiting Respondents for a Mobile Phone Panel: The Impact of Recruitment Question Wording on Cooperation...; 2015; Busse, B.; Fuchs, M.
- Nonresponse and Measurement Bias in Web surveys ; 2015; Metzler, A.; Fuchs, M.
- Positioning of Clarification Features in Open Frequency and Open Narrative Questions; 2015; Fuchs, M.; Metzler, A.
- Instant Interactive Feedback in Grid Questions: Reminding Web Survey; 2014; Kunz, T., Fuchs, M.
- Respondent Choice of Survey Mode; 2013; Fuchs, M.
- Using Eye Tracking Data to Understand Respondent's Processing of Rating Scales; 2013; Kunz, T., Fuchs, M.
- Dynamic Visual Design for List-Style Open-Ended Questions in Web Surveys; 2013; Fuchs, M.
- Using interactive feedback to enhance response quality in Web surveys. The case of open-ended questions...; 2013; Emde, M., Fuchs, M.
- Reducing Response Order Effects in Check-All-That-Apply Questions by Use of Dynamic Tooltip Instructions...; 2013; Kunz, T., Fuchs, M.
- Effects of Static versus Dynamic Formatting Instructions for Open-Ended Numerical Questions in Web Surveys...; 2012; Kunz, T., Fuchs, M.
- Exploring Animated Faces Scales in Web Surveys: Drawbacks and Prospects; 2012; Emde, M., Fuchs, M.
- Video enhanced web survey; 2011; Fuchs, M., Kunz, T., Gebhard, F.
- The Coverage Bias of Mobile Web Surveys; 2009; Fuchs, M.
- The Coverage Bias of Mobile Web Surveys Across European Countries ; 2009; Fuchs, M., Busse, B.
- Are people sharing their mobile phones? Selection probabilities in cellular telephone surveys; 2009; Fuchs, M., Busse, B.
- Is a cell phone really a personal device? Results from the first wave of a mobile phone panel on sharing...; 2009; Fuchs, M., Busse, B.
- Are Respondents Sharing their Mobile Phones? Preliminary results based on a mobile phone panel in Germany...; 2009; Fuchs, M.
- Dynamic feedback in open-ended questions: Experiments on the visual design language of Web surveys; 2009; Fuchs, M.
- The relative coverage bias caused by the mobile-only population across Europe; 2009; Fuchs, M.
- The Video-Enhanced Web Survey Data Quality and Cognitive Processing of Questions; 2009; Fuchs, M.
- Gender-of-Interviewer Effects in a Video-Enhanced Web Survey: Results from a Randomized Field Experiment...; 2009; Fuchs, M.
- Mobile web surveys: A preliminary discussion of methodological implications; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- Response Effects in Video-enhanced Web Surveys; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- The relative Coverage Error in Telephone Surveys caused by Mobile-Only Populations across Europe; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- Communicative Channels, Cognitive Processes and Question Understanding: Results from a Randomized Field...; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- Gender-of-Interviewer Effects in Video-Enhanced Web Surveys. Results from a Randomized Field-Experiment...; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- Using Audio and Video Clips in Web Surveys — Feasibility and Impact on Data Quality; 2007; Fuchs, M., Funke, F.
- Cognitive processes when answering online questionnaires; 2002; Fuchs, M.
- Cognitive processes in Web Surveys; 2002; Fuchs, M.
- Technology Effects: Do CAPI or PAPI Interviews Take Longer?; 2000; Fuchs, M., Couper, M. P., Hansen, S. E.