Web Survey Bibliography
Web is one of the four survey modes that is employed at Statistics Netherlands for social surveys. The most common design is a mixed-mode design where self-administered modes are offered to households first. When a household does not respond within four weeks, then interviewer-administered modes are used as follow-up survey modes. Since the web survey mode is conjectured to produce nonresponse and coverage errors, it is not used as a single-standing mode. Mode effects, i.e. differences in total survey error attributable to the survey mode, impact the comparability of surveys in time and over the main publication domains. The coverage of web is shifting gradually in time. When different subpopulations respond to different modes and answers are to some extent mode-dependent, then longitudinal statistics about such subpopulations cannot be compared directly. In order to estimate and disentangle mode effects into mode-dependent coverage, nonresponse and measurement effects, Statistics Netherlands conducted a large-scale split-ballot experiment linked to the Safety Monitor. A sample of persons was randomly assigned to the four survey modes, web, paper, telephone and face-to-face. The full sample received a face-to-face second wave in which part of the questions was repeated. The Safety Monitor was selected as the survey instrument because it is known to be sensitive to various mode-dependent measurement errors.
The analysis focusses on five research questions:
- How do survey mode, socio-demographics and nature of the survey question interact with selection and measurement effects?
- What role do survey design features play in selection and measurement effects?
- Do regular nonresponse adjustment methods effectively deal with selection effects in mixed-mode surveys?
- Can we distinguish and predict mode-dependent response styles?
- Do standard measurement error models detect mode effects accurately?
In the paper we restrict ourselves to the first research question and discuss relative coverage, nonresponse and measurement effects for web relative to face-to-face. In section 2 we describe the experimental design. In section 3 we discuss estimators for the various mode effect components. We end with a number of general questions for discussion in section 4.
Workshop Homepage (abstract) / (presentation)
Web survey bibliography - Schouten, B. (20)
- Adaptive survey designs to minimize survey mode effects – a case study on the Dutch Labor Force...; 2016; Calinescu, M.; Schouten, B.
- Tailored fieldwork design to increase representative household survey response: an experiment in the...; 2015; Luiten, A.; Schouten, B.
- Coding Surveys on their Item Characteristics: Reliability Diagnostics; 2015; Bais, F.; Schouten, B.; Toepoel, V.
- Selection error in single- and mixed mode surveys of the Dutch general population; 2015; Hox, J., Klausch, L. T., Schouten, B.
- Evaluating mixed-mode redesign strategies against benchmark surveys: the case of the Crime Victimization...; 2014; Klausch, L. T., Hox, J., Schouten, B.
- The impact of contact effort on mode-specific selection and measurement bias; 2014; Schouten, B., van der Laan, J., Cobben, F.
- The use of within-subject experiments for estimating measurement effects in mixed-mode surveys ; 2014; Klausch, L. T., Schouten, B., Hox, J.
- The impact of contact effort and interviewer performance on mode-specific nonresponse and measurement...; 2014; Schouten, B., Cobben, F., van der Laan, J., Arends, J.
- Measurement Effects of Survey Mode on the Equivalence of Attitudinal Rating Scale Questions; 2013; Klausch, L. T., Hox, J., Hox, J., Schouten, B.
- Adaptive survey designs to minimize survey mode effects. A case study on the Dutch Labour Force Survey...; 2013; Calinescu, M., Schouten, B.
- Optimizing quality of response through adaptive survey designs; 2013; Schouten, B., Calinescu, M., Luiten, A.
- Mode Effects in Mixed-Mode Surveys: Prevention, Diagnostics, and Adjustment 1; 2013; de Leeuw, E. D., Dillman, D. A., Schouten, B.
- Estimating Measurement Effects of Survey Modes From Between and Within Subject Designs; 2013; Klausch, L. T., Hox, J., Schouten, B.
- Mixed-mode including web: Recent developments at Statistics Netherlands; 2013; Luiten, A., Schouten, B.
- Disentangling Mode-Specific Selection and Measurement Bias in Social Surveys; 2012; Buelens, B., van der Laan, J., Schouten, B., Klausch, L. T., van der Brakel, J., Burger, J.
- Assessing Measurement Equivalence and Bias of Questions in Mixed-mode Surveys Under Controlled Sample...; 2012; Klausch, L. T., Hox, J., Schouten, B.
- The Representativity of Web Surveys of the General Population compared to Traditional Modes and Mixed...; 2012; Klausch, L. T., Schouten, B., Hox, J.
- Disentangling relative mode effects for the web survey mode in the Safety Monitor; 2011; Schouten, B., van de Brakel, J., Buelens, B., Klausch, L. T., van der Laan, J.
- Indicators for the representativeness of survey response; 2009; Schouten, B., Cobben, F., Bethlehem, J.
- Nonresponse Bias in Surveys; 2009; Bethlehem, J., Vehovar, V., Stoop, I., Schouten, B., Shlomo, N., Skinner, C., Montaquila, J.