In May 2011, Statistic Canada is encouraging the population of Canada to fill out a Census of Population questionnaire via the Internet. To that end, 60 % of Canadian households will receive a letter inviting them to complete their questionnaire online: they will not receive the traditional paper form. This, paired with a far-reaching public relations campaign to promote Internet response, is expected to encourage 40% of Canadian households to use the online option. This paper provides an overview of the Internet data collection methodology to be used in Canada’s 2011 Census of Population. It describes the context of the census, and reviews the main components of the electronic questionnaires. It then presents the various response validation edits. Finally, the paper gives, for each type of edit, a rationale, the edit’s effect on data quality and, if applicable, changes made as a result of lessons learned from the 2006 Census of Population, previous tests and Internet evaluation studies.