Web Survey Bibliography
According to several authors, it is important for survey respondents to have an understanding of their progress within a questionnaire. This can be achieved by displaying a "progress indicator" indicating how much of the questionnaire has been completed. Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of such timers remains scarce and mixed (Conrad et al., 2003). A web experiment was set up to test the effects of progress indicators (n=2,520). The experiment included a number of factors that could potentially interact with the presence or absence of a timer (specific vs. vague time indications in the e-mail invitation and allowing a random subset of respondents to select whether or not to display the timer). A few observations could be made.Presenting the timer significantly reduced the item missing data rate, but break-off rates were not decreased. It was also found that it could be hazardous to allow respondents to select whether to display the timer, for not choosing the timer results in significantly higher break-off rates. Also, it was found that displaying a timer reduces the likelihood of participants saying the survey was too long, which in turn is negatively associated with the inclination to cooperate with a future study. Analyses of more exploratory nature revealed that timers tend to reduce the probability that respondents interrupt filling in the survey, which could indirectly increase data quality. Overall, it could be concluded that timers have limited abilities to increase data quality. However, more than three quarters of the respondents given the choice regarding timer display opted to have it displayed. This conveys that most respondents have come to expect timers and wish to receive feedback on their progress. It therefore urges future research to investigate how progress bars are best used in web surveys.
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Web Survey Bibliography - Other (470)
- Online community survey: an effectiveness measure for revealing citizen preferences in their role as...; 2006; Martin Juanil, D., Ismail, M.
- Internet Science and Open Access: First Day of a Honeymoon ; 2006; Reips, U. -D., Matzat, U.
- The Mode Effect: A Literature Review of Human and Technological Issues in Computerized Testing; 2006; Leeson, H. V.
- Gaining synergy through multi-method research A Nokia Trends case study; 2006; Casas, I., Peña, G., Pérez-Galán, C.
- Response rates: Avoiding the red herrings; 2006; Postoaca, A.
- Social class and life style differences between modes of data collection; 2006; Schillewaert, N., Verhaeghe, A., Weijters, B., De Wulf, K.
- Perceptions of News Credibility about the War in Iraq: Why War Opponents Perceived the Internet as the...; 2006; Choi, J.H., Watt, J.H., Lynch, M.
- The Internet and Anti-War Activism: A Case Study of Information, Expression, and Action; 2006; Nah, S., Veenstra, A.S., Shah, D. V.
- Web-based data collection in China; 2006; Davison, R. M., Li, Y., Kam, C. S. P.
- Encuestas a empleados a través de Internet: Conceptos y descubrimientos; 2006; Reips, U. -D.
- An Application of E-mail Suvey Using a Word Form; 2006; Graeml, A. R., Csillag, J. M.
- An Experimental Study on the Effects of Personalization, Survey Length Statements, Progress Indicators...; 2006; Heerwegh, D., Loosveldt, G.
- Response Order Effects in International Online Surveys; 2006; Thomas, R. K., Greenfield, S., Bremer, J.
- Regular events in travel behaviour research: setup of a longitudinal websurvey; 2006; Cools, M., Moons, E., Wets, G.
- Do print and Web surveys provide the same results?; 2006; Huang, H. -M.
- An investigation of the effect of lotteries on web survey response rates; 2006; Heerwegh, D.
- A National Web-Based Survey of Sunscreen Products as a Tool for Industry Self-Regulation, Consumer Awareness...; 2006; Summers, B., Summers, R. S., Muller, E.
- Mobile vs. Fixed-line Surveys in Hong Kong; 2006; Bacon-Shone, J., Lau, L.
- Reliability and validity of egocentered network data collected via web: A meta-analysis of multilevel...; 2006; Coromina, L., Coenders, G.
- Developing and validating a nursing website evaluation questionnaire; 2005; Tsai, S. - L., Chai, S.-K.
- The Web experiment list: A Web service for the recruitment of participants and archiving of Internet...; 2005; Reips, U. -D., Lengler, R.
- Survey of substance use among high school students in Taipei: Web-based questionnaire versus paper-and...; 2005; Wang, Y. C., Lee, C. M., Lew-Ting, C. Y., Hsiao, C. K., Chen, W. J.
- Digital Video as Research Practice: Methodology for the Millennium; 2005; Shrum, W., Duque, R., Brown, T.
- Thoughts on Internet Research in Europe; 2005; Harris Interactive
- Measuring Perceived and Actual Response Burden in Business Surveys; 2005; Dale, T., Haraldsen, G., Jones, J., Hedlin, D.
- Web survey design for predicting performance using network questions; 2005; Coromina, L.
- Expert Appraisals of BusinessWeb Survey Applications; 2005; Haraldsen, G.
- Sampling procedure, questionnaire design, online implementation; 2005; Jackob, N., Arens, J., Zerback, T.Jowell, R.; de Rouvray, C.
- Implementing web-surveys for software requirements elicitation; 2005; Belani, H., Pripuzic, K., Kobas, K.
- Online surveys: Possible sources of errors; 2005; Galesic, M.
- Web surveying academics in seven European countries: challenges encountered; 2005; Smeenk, S., van Selm, M., Eisinga, R.
- Stated Preference Surveys on Internet – an Effective Method for Finding Passengers’ Preferences...; 2005; Nossum, A.
- Multimodal method for data collection in complex marketing research and business intelligence; 2005; Klicek, B. F., Begicevic, N., Geric, S.
- Effect of Background, Motivational and Social Network Variables on Academic Performance of PhD Students...; 2005; Guia, J., Coromina, L., Coenders, G.
- Conducting representative online research. A summary of five years of learnings; 2005; Stenbjerre, M., Laugesen, J. N.
- Using a World Wide Web Survey to Obtain Marketing Information for Business Decisions: A Comparison with...; 2005; Medlin, C., Subroto, R., Theong, H. C.
- The analysis of antecedents of customer loyalty in the Turkish mobile telecommunication market; 2005; Serkan, A., Goekhan, Oe.
- Marketing orientation in the European Union mobile telecommunication market; 2005; Kurtinaitiene, J.
- Comparability of Data Gathered from Evaluation Questionnaires on Paper and Through the Internet; 2005; Leung, D., Kember, D.
- E-mail and mixed mode database surveys revisited: Exploratory analyses of factors affecting response...; 2005; Roy, A., Berger, P. D.
- European Environmental NGOs: Issues, Resources and Strategies in Marine Campaigns; 2005; Richards, J. P., Heard, J.
- Persuasiveness on the Internet: Factors influencing participation in Web survey; 2005; Zajac, J.
- Do not touch data from late-received online questionnaires: Analysis of late responder in a closed-pool...; 2005; Stieger, S., Voracek, M.
- Lessons From An Online Experiment; 2005; Loewe, G., Read, D., Airoldi, M.
- Exploring users' attitudes and intentions toward the web as a survey tool; 2005; Huang, H. -M., Liaw, S. S.
- Segmenting Internet shoppers based on their Web-usage-related lifestyle: a cross-cultural validation; 2005; Brengman, M., Geuens, M., Weijters, B., Smith, S. M., Swinyard, W. R.
- Response and Field Period Effects: The Effect of Time in Online Market Research and Consequences for...; 2004; Basso Larsen, R., Rathod, S.
- Response effects in Europe; 2004; Basso Larsen, R., Rathod, S.
- Short Web-based versions of the perceived stress (PSS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression...; 2004; Herrero, J., Meneses, J.
- Internet-Based Surveys to Elicit the Value of Risk Reductions; 2004; Hojman, P., de Dios Ortúzar, J., Rizzi, L.

