Web Survey Bibliography
Web survey invitations are most commonly sent to potential respondents via an e-mail request for participation. The flexibility and rapid innovation possible in e-mail and online survey technologies means that novel approaches for recruiting respondents are continually being developed. In much of this research, the most important outcome metric evaluated is the survey response rate. Low survey response rates are an important driver of increased costs and longer field periods in survey data collection. Identifying and developing strategies for reducing nonresponse is critical to keeping survey costs in check and making survey research efficient. The results of this study suggest that embedding the first question of a web survey in the invitation e-mail may be an effective strategy for increasing response rates. The results of a randomized experiment on over 3300 respondents suggest that the embedded survey question method increased the survey start rate by over 33% (3.5 percentage points) and the final response rate by over 30% (nearly 2 percentage points). These results of this study support prior work demonstrating the influence of design features of the survey invitation on participation. They also provide empirical evidence of the potential for removing barriers to participation to affect response rates. Both survey start rates and completion rates were dramatically increased by reducing the number of steps that the respondent is required to take between making the decision to participation and responding to the first survey question. These findings will be of value to researchers that employ e-mail invitations to web surveys.
Web survey bibliography - The American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) 71st Annual Conference, 2016 (107)
- Optimizing Self-response for the 2020 Census ; 2016; Bentley, M.
- Improving Data Quality in a Web Survey of Youth and Teens ; 2016; Horton, V. M.; Branson, R.; Phillips, B. T.; Fowlkes, E.
- Impact of Field Period Length and Contact Attempts on Representativeness for Web Survey ; 2016; Bertoni, N.; Turakhia, C.; Magaw, R.; Ackermann, A.
- Have You Taken Your Survey Yet? Optimum Interval for Reminders in Web Panel Surveys ; 2016; Kanitkar, K. N.; Liu, D.
- Respondent Processing of Rating Scales and the Scale Direction Effect ; 2016; Caporaso, A.
- The Effects of Pictorial vs. Verbal Examples on Survey Responses ; 2016; Sun, H.; Bertling, J.; Almonte, D.
- Evaluating Grid Questions for 4th Graders; 2016; Maitland, A.
- Mixing Modes: Challenges (and Tradeoffs) of Adapting a Mailed Paper Survey to the Web ; 2016; Wilkinson-Flicker, S.; McPhee, C. B.; Medway, R.; Kaiser, A.; Cutts, K.
- An Examination of How Survey Mode Affect Eligibility, Response and Health Condition Reporting Rates...; 2016; Stern, M. J.; Ghandour, R.
- Investigating Measurement Error through Survey Question Placement ; 2016; Wilson, A.; Wine, J.; Janson, N.; Conzelmann, J.; Peytcheva, E.
- Instructions in Self-administered Survey Questions: Do They Improve Data Quality or Just Make the Questionnaire...; 2016; Redline, C. D.; Zukerberg, A.; Owens, C.; Ho, A.
- Usability Testing within Agile Process; 2016; Holland, T.
- Exploring Why Web Surveys Take Longer to Complete on Smartphones than PCs: Findings from a Within-subjects...; 2016; Antoun, C.; Cernat, A.
- Making Mobile Web Surveys Accessible; 2016; Malakhoff, L.
- Association of Eye Tracking with Other Usability Metrics ; 2016; Olmsted, E. L.
- Cognitive Probing Methods in Usability Testing – Pros and Cons; 2016; Nichols, E. M.
- Grids and Online Surveys: Do More Complex Grids Induce Survey Satisficing? Evidence from the Gallup...; 2016; Wang, Me.; McCutcheon, A. L.
- Assessing the Accuracy of 51 Nonprobability Online Panels and River Samples: A Study of the Advertising...; 2016; Yang,Y.;Callegaro,M.;Yang,Y.;Callegaro,M.;Chin,K.;Yang,Y.;Villar,A.;Callegaro, M.; Chin, K.; Krosnick...
- Calculating Standard Errors for Nonprobability Samples when Matching to Probability Samples ; 2016; Lee, Ad.; ZuWallack, R. S.
- Communicating Data Use and Privacy: In-person versus Web based methods for message testing ; 2016; Clark Fobia, A.; Hunter Childs, J. E.
- User Experience and Eye-tracking: Results to Optimize Completion of a Web Survey and Website Design ; 2016; Walton, L.; Ricci, K.; Libman Barry, A.; Eiginger, C.; Christian, L. M.
- Estimated-control Calibrated Estimates from Nonprobability Surveys; 2016; Dever, J. A.
- Decomposing Selection Effects in Non-probability Samples ; 2016; Mercer, A. W.; Keeter, S.; Kreuter, F.
- The Effect of Emphasizing the Web Option in a Mixed-mode Establishment Survey ; 2016; O'Brien, J.; Rajapaksa, S.; Schafer, B.; Langetieg, P.
- A Multi-phase Exploration Into Web-based Panel Respondents: Assessing Differences in Recruitment, Respondents...; 2016; Redlawsk, D.; Rogers, K.; Borie-Holtz, D.
- Effect of Clarifying Instructions on Response to Numerical Open-ended Questions in Self-administered...; 2016; Kumar Chaudhary, A.; Israel, G. D.
- Exploring the Feasibility of Using Facebook for Surveying Special Interest Populations ; 2016; Lee, C.; Jang, S.
- National Estimates of Sexual Minority Women Alcohol Use through Web Based Respondent Driven Sampling...; 2016; Farrell Middleton, D.; Iachan, R.; Freedner-Maguire, N.; Trocki, K.; Evans, C.
- Bringing Fair Market Rent Surveys into the 21st Century – Evaluating the Effectiveness of MSG...; 2016; Dayton, J.; Brassell, T.; Cooper, V.; Dion, R.; Williams, R.
- Measuring Survey Behavior of Smartphone Users; 2016; Luks, S.; Phillips, R.
- Practical Considerations for Using Vignettes to Evaluate Survey Items ; 2016; Steiger, D. M.; Williams, Do.; Edwards, W. S.; Cantor, D.; Truman, J.
- Using Web Panels to Quantify the Qualitative: The National Center for Health Statistics Research and...; 2016; Scanlon, P. J.
- Impact of Field Period Length in the Estimates of Sexual Victimization in a Web-based Survey of College...; 2016; Berzofsky, M.; Peterson, K.; Shook-Sa, B. E.; Lindquist, C.; Krebs, C.
- Longitudinal Online Ego-centric Social Network Data Collection with EgoWeb 2.0 ; 2016; Amin, A.; Kennedy, D.
- Influences on Item Response Times in a Multinational Web Survey ; 2016; Phillips, B. T.; Kolenikov, S.; Howard Ecklund, E.; Ackermann, A.; Brulia, A.
- QR Codes for Survey Access: Is It Worth It?; 2016; Allen, L.; Marlar, J.
- An Exploration of the Relationship between Usability Testing and Data Verification ; 2016; Langer Tesfaye, C.; Kurmlavage, V.
- Beyond the Survey: Improving Data Insights and User Experience with Mobile Devices ; 2016; Graham, P.; Lew, G.
- User Experience Considerations for Contextual Product Surveys on Smartphones ; 2016; Sedley, A.; Mueller, H.
- The Differential Effect of Mobile-friendly Surveys on Data Quality; 2016; Horwitz, R.
- Embedding Survey Questions within Non-research Mobile Apps: A Method for Collecting High-quality Data...; 2016; Bapna, V.; Antoun, C.
- Does Changing Monetary Incentive Schemes in Panel Studies Affect Cooperation? A Quasi-experiment on...; 2016; Schaurer, I.; Bosnjak, M.
- Survey Mode and Mail Method: A Practical Experiment in Survey Fielding for a Multi-round Survey ; 2016; Sullivan, B. D.; Duda, N.; Bogen, K.; Clusen, N. A.; Wakar, B.; Zhou, H.
- Web Probing for Question Evaluation: The Effects of Probe Placement ; 2016; Fowler, S.; Willis, G. B.; Moser, R. P.; Townsend, R. L. M.; Maitland, A.; Sun, H.; Berrigan, D.
- Early-bird Incentives: Results From an Experiment to Determine Response Rate and Cost Effects ; 2016; De Santis, J.; Callahan, R.; Marsh, S.; Perez-Johnson, I.
- Using Cash Incentives to Help Recruitment in a Probability Based Web Panel: The Effects on Sign Up Rates...; 2016; Krieger, U.
- Assessing Changes in Coverage Bias of Web Surveys a s Internet Access Increases in the United States...; 2016; Sterrett, D.; Malato, D.; Benz, J.; Tompson, T.; English, N.
- Timing is Everything: Discretely Discouraging Mobile Survey Response through the Timing of Email Contacts...; 2016; Richards, A.; C.; Shook-Sa, B. E.; C.; Berzofsky, M.; Smith, A. C.
- Dynamic Instructions in Check-All-That-Apply Questions ; 2016; Kunz, T.; Fuchs, M.
- Patterns of Unit and Item Nonresponse in a Multinational Web Survey ; 2016; Ackermann, A.; Howard Ecklund, E.; Phillips, B. T.; Brulia, A.