Web Survey Bibliography
The age of Internet research is upon us. Despite the methodological constraints to conducting survey research on the Web, Internet-based methodologies have emerged as a viable mode of interviewing for many types of research. This is especially true when doing Web site assessments; that is, getting users and site visitors reactions to their Web site experience. Corporate America comes to the Internet with plans to extend their businesses, to forge new customer relationships, to produce sales through online commerce, and to serve their client bases. Since this medium is a new one, much experimentation with content offerings, navigation options and e-commerce is occurring on these Web sites. This means that businesses must find out what their site visitors are experiencing and how their sites compare with their competitors’. When faced with these types of decisions (with large sums of money being devoted to developing their Internet presences), companies turn to research to help guide them. From a research point-of-view, there are several methods for intercepting visitors to ask them to participate in a survey. For example you can: post a banner or icon on the site, fire e-mails to a sample of past visitors, have a pop-up invitation window, use a guest registration approach. This paper will discuss the pros and cons of each of these Web-intercept methods. Regardless of the method used, there are three main issues related to participation. First, what is the response to the invitation (hit rate)? Second, does the survey introduction work (call to action)? Finally, is the incentive compelling? Much research has been done on the use of incentives and survey/introduction design in more traditional types of surveys. This paper will discuss the experiences with manipulating the invitations, the introductions and the incentives for two Web assessment surveys, including the effect of changes on hit rates and completion rates. It should be noted that the findings presented in this paper can best be characterized as learnings. In other words, the Web surveys reported here were not designed to be experimental studies. Rather, in the midst of fielding the studies we aimed to improve our response with site visitors through the trial of a number of changes to the invitations, the intros and the incentives. In some cases, our response rates seem to show that a change was effective; in other cases, no such change was found. Therefore these findings should be viewed as qualitative and directional; nonetheless, we feel that valuable learnings were achieved that can be applied to future studies.
Web Survey Bibliography - Online measurement (799)
- A literature review on constructing answer formats; 2009; Menold, N., Kaczmirek, L., Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, J.
- Can a moral reasoning exercise improve response quality to surveys of healthcare priorities?; 2009; Johri, M.
- Methods to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires; 2009; J., Roberts, I., Clarke, M. J., DiGuiseppi, C., Wentz, R., Kwan, I., Cooper, R., Felix, L. M., Pratap...
- Estimating the robustness of questionnaire results: lessons from a mixed-mode survey of expectations...; 2009; Bonsall, P., Shires, J.
- A hybrid online and offline approach to market measurement studies; 2009; Cooke, M., Watkins, N., Moy, C.
- Impact of T-ACASI on Survey Measurements of Subjective Phenomena ; 2009; Harmon, T., F., Rogers, S. M., Eggleston, E., Roman, A. M., Villarroel, M. A., Chromy, J. R., Ganapathi...
- Open-Ended Questions in Web Surveys: Can Increasing the Size of Answer Boxes and Providing Extra Verbal...; 2009; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., McBride, M.
- Timing accuracy of Web experiments: A case study using the WebExp software package; 2009; Keller, F., Gunasekharan, S., Mayo, N., Corley, M.
- The reparation of trust after negative feedback – the results of two online experiments among...; 2009; Utz, S.
- Effects of data collection technique on the quality of data: A MTMM study of CATI, CAPI and Online interviews...; 2009; Scherpenzeel, A.
- Nonresponse in the Recruitment of an Internet Panel Based on Probability Sampling; 2009; Hoogendoorn, A., Daalmans, J.
- Gender-of-Interviewer Effects in a Video-Enhanced Web Survey: Results from a Randomized Field Experiment...; 2009; Fuchs, M.
- Psychometric properties of internet administered versions of Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and...; 2009; Zlomke, K. R.
- An Update on Survey Measures of Web-Oriented Digital Literacy; 2009; Hargittai, E.
- "Mobile phone surveys in mixed mode environment: Balancing costs and errors"; 2009; Vehovar, V.
- The representativeness of the LISS panel ; 2009; Knoef, M., de Vos, K.
- Survey Breakoff; 2009; Peytchev, A.
- The Impact of Personalized Prenotification on Response Rates to an Electronic Survey; 2009; Hart, A. M., Brennan, C. W., Sym, D., Larson, E.
- Effects of Design in Web Surveys: Comparing Trained and Fresh Respondents ; 2009; Toepoel, V., Das, M., van Soest, A.
- Eye-Tracking Data: New Insights on Response Order Effects and Other Cognitive Shortcuts in Survey Responding...; 2009; Galesic, M., Tourangeau, R., P.;Couper, M. P., Conrad, F. G.
- Online Reputation Systems: The Effects of Feedback Comments and Reactions on Building and Rebuilding...; 2009; Utz, S., Matzat, U., Snijders, C.
- Potential for technical errors and subverted allocation can be reduced if certain guidelines are followed...; 2009; Hewitt, C. E., Torgerson, D. J., Berger, V. W.
- Web-based measurement: Effect of completing single or multiple items per webpage; 2009; Thorndike, F. P., Carlbring, P., Smyth, F. L., Magee, J. C., Gonder-Frederick, L., Ost, L. G., Ritterband...
- Designing Scalar Questions for Web Surveys; 2009; Christian, L. M., Parsons, N. L., Dillman, D. A.
- Design of Web Questionnaires: An Information-Processing Perspective for the Effect of Response Categories...; 2009; Toepoel, V., Vis, C., Das, M., van Soest, A.
- Web Survey Design: Balancing Measurement, Response, and Topical Interest ; 2009; Shropshire, K. O., Hawdon, J. E., Witte, J. C.
- Mobile phone surveys in mixed mode environment; 2009; Vehovar, V.
- Measurement Equivalence of Paper-and-Pencil and Internet Organisational Surveys: A Large Scale Examination...; 2009; de Beuckelaer, A., Lievens, F.
- Towards a flexible online mixed method design with a feedback loop; 2009; Lobe, B., Vehovar, V.
- Usability testing; 2008; Roe, D. J.
- The advisory panel on online public opinion survey quality - Final report June 4, 2008; 2008
- Sample factors that influence data quality; 2008; Gailey, R., Teal, D., Haechrel, E.
- Representativity of web surveys – an illusion?; 2008; Bethlehem, J.
- Foundation of quality project overview; 2008
- Email survey; 2008; Porter, S. R.
- Designing online election surveys: Lessons from the 2004 Australian election; 2008; Gibson, R., McAllister, I.
- An unwanted impact; 2008; Balden, W.
- Design Variations in Adaptive Web Sampling; 2008; Vincent, K. S.
- Human-Survey Interaction: Usability and Nonresponse in Online Surveys; 2008; Kaczmirek, L.
- Characteristics of Gay and Bisexual Men Who Drop Out of a Web Survey of Sexual Behaviour in the UK; 2008; Evans, A. R., Wiggins, D., Bolding, G., Elford, J.
- Objectivity, Reliability, and Validity of Search Engine Count Estimates ; 2008; Janetzko, D.
- Internet-basierte Messung sozialer Erwünschtheit: Theoretische Grundlagen und experimentelle Untersuchung...; 2008; Kaufmann, E., Reips, U. -D.
- Experiments Exploring the Relationship (or Lack Thereof) Between Nonresponse Error and Measurement Error...; 2008; Tourangeau, R., Groves, R. M., Presser, S., Toppe, C., Kennedy, K., Yan, T.,
- Effects of Pre-coding Response Options for Five Point Satisfaction Scale in Web Surveys; 2008; Callegaro, M., Wells, T., Kruse, Y.
- Internet Technology and Social Capital:How the Internet Affects Seniors' Social Capital and Wellbeing...; 2008; Sum, S., Mathews, M. R., Pourghasem, M., Hughes, I.
- Do online respondents go the extra mile and take on inconvenient tasks?; 2008; Callegaro, M., Wells, T.
- Computer coding of 1992 ANES Like/Dislike and MIP responses; 2008; Fan, D. F.
- Sensitive Questions in Online Surveys: Experimental Results for the Randomized Response Technique (RRT...; 2008; Coutts, E., Jann, B.
- Fraudsters: Teach Them Well; 2008; Pettit, F. A.
- Use of the Internet as a data collection tool: a methodological investigation of online synchronous...; 2008; Evans, A. R., Elford, J., Wiggins, D.

