Web Survey Bibliography
Title Comparing Web Surveys and Paper & Pencil Surveys: Measurement Error and Mode Differences
Author Fuchs, M.
Year 2002
Access date 21.04.2004
Abstract Based on the increasing methodological research web surveys are increasingly adopted by survey researchers. In terms of the validity of web surveys early studies suggested that--controlling for other sources of survey error--little differences are to be expected in terms of response distributions. However, little insight is available regarding the cognitive processes at work in a respondent's mind when answering a survey question on the internet. We assume that the cognitive capacity available when answering a survey question is impaired by the respondent's navigational efforts when working though the questionnaire. This would harm data quality. In order to assess the cognitive processing of a web survey we use well documented question order and response order experiments from the literature and administer them both under web survey conditions as well as under paper and pencil conditions. We aim to demonstrate that it is not sufficient to compare response distributions when evaluating differences of web surveys and paper and pencil surveys. In this talk we present results from a large scale field experiment (n = 5,000) on measurement error in a mixed mode survey (p & p and online) among the German youth conducted in spring of 2001. In this survey, 6 experiments on measurement error were incorporated: 2 experiments on question order, 2 experiments on response categories, and 2 experiments on response order in long lists.
Abstract - optional Nachdem die Methodenforschung sich relativ gründlich mit einzelnen Problemen und Aspekten von Online-Umfragen beschäftigt hat, werden sie mittlerweile in großem Stil in der Umfrageforschung eingesetzt. Erste vorliegende Vergleiche haben gezeigt, dass die online gewonnenen Daten sich nicht dramatisch von offline gewonnenen Ergebnissen unterscheiden. Weniger erforscht ist bisher jedoch, ob die kognitiven Prozesse des Befragten bei Beantworten einer Fragebogen-Frage im Internet mit denen vergleichbar sind, die bei der Beantwortung eines Papier-Fragebogens auftraten. Wir vermuten, dass die kognitive Kapazität des Befragten bei der Bearbeitung eines Online-Fragebogens durch die Navigation und andere Aspekte belastet werden, was die Datenqualität beeinträchtigen würde. Um die kognitiven Prozesse bei der Beantwortung der Fragebogen-Fragen zu untersuchen haben wir in der Literatur gut dokumentierte Experimente zur Fragereihenfolge und zur Antwortreihenfolge sowohl in einer Online-Befragung wie auch in einer schriftlichen Befragung administriert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die kognitiven Prozesse beim Befragten bei Online-Umfragen variieren und dass es zur Evaluation der Validität von online gewonnenen Daten nicht ausreicht Antwortverteilungen von Web-Umfragen und schriftlichen Befragungen zu vergleichen. Im Vortrag werden Ergebnisse eines groß angelegten Feld-Experimentes (n= 5.000) zu Messfehlern in Multi-Mode-Befragungen (Paper & Pencil und Online) referiert, die im Frühjahr 2001 unter deutschen Jugendlichen durchgeführt wurde. In diese Umfrage wurden 6 Experimente zur Fragereihenfolge, zur Antwortreihenfolge und zu Skalen-Effekten eingebaut, deren Ergebnisse vergleichend referiert werden sollen.
Access/Direct link Homepage - conference (abstract)
Year of publication2002
Bibliographic typeConferences, workshops, tutorials, presentations
Web Survey Bibliography - 2002 (418)
- Methods for Improving Compliance in Exposure Studies; 2002; Dimitropoulos, L., Thalji, L., Weibe, L.
- The Impact of Privacy and Security Concerns on the Willingness to Provide Sensitive Information about...; 2002; Aoki, K., Elasmar, M. G.
- Ethics revisited: Traditional research ethics and new ethical challenges in reseraching internet contexts...; 2002; Elgesem, D.
- Internet studies and new ethical challenges - making common ground in the international researcher society...; 2002; Ess, C.
- 'Email for candidates' - Experiences with an Email-Survey among running candidates in a state election...; 2002; Faas, T.
- Advantages and disadvantages of Internet research surveys: Evidence from the literature; 2002; Fricker, R. D., Schonlau, M.
- Citizen Perceptions of Community Policing: Comparing Internet and Mail Survey Responses; 2002; Ballard, C., Prine, R.
- Comparison of psychologists' self image and their image in the Internet and in print; 2002; Rietz, I., Wahl, S.
- Online Research and Anonymity; 2002; Sassenberg, K., Kreutz, S.
- An evaluation of the effect of response formats on data quality in Web surveys; 2002; Heerwegh, D., Loosveldt, G.
- Testing Web Questionnaires; 2002; Crawford, S. D., Baker, R. P.
- Online persuasion strategies; 2002; Heerwegh, D., Loosveldt, G.
- Comparing Web Surveys and Paper & Pencil Surveys: Measurement Error and Mode Differences; 2002; Fuchs, M.
- Mode-Effects in Web Surveys?; 2002; Bandilla, W., Bosnjak, M.
- Web Surveys: The Effect of Controlling Survey Access using PIN Numbers; 2002; Heerwegh, D., Loosveldt, G.
- Online household panel; 2002; Batinic, B., Lohmuller, T.
- The Prospects for Electronic Mail Surveys; 2002; Groussett, R., Fournier, A., Kalinowski, L., Best, S. J.
- Survey Design Features Influencing Response Rates in Web Surveys; 2002; Lozar Manfreda, K., Vehovar, V.
- List assisted Web surveys: quality, timeliness and nonresponse in the steps of the participation flow...; 2002; Biffignandi, S., Pratesi, M., Lozar Manfreda, K., Vehovar, V.
- Gender Identity and HIV Risk: An Internet-based Study; 2002; Bockting, W. O., Gurak, L.
- (Non)Response bei Web-Befragungen; 2002; Bosnjak, M.
- Prepaid and Promised Incentives in Web Surveys: An Experiment; 2002; Bosnjak, M., Tuten, T. L.
- A Nonresponse Analysis of a Mail-Web Mode Comparison; 2002; Boyd, C. J., Crawford, S. D., McCabe, S. E., Couper, M. P.
- An Experimental Comparison of Knowledge Networks and The GSS; 2002; Bradburn, N. M.
- Psychometric properties of online self-report memory questionnaires: The EMQ and PMQ; 2002; Buchanan, T., Ali, T., Heffernan, T. M., Ling, J., Parrott, A. C., Rodgers, J., Scholey, A. B.
- Examining Item Non-Response in a Mixed Mode Customer Satisfaction Study; 2002; Burr, M. A., Famolaro, T., Levin, K.
- Computer-assisted longitudinal surveys; 2002; Capiluppi, C.
- Web Survey Nonresponse Among Military Members; 2002; Caplan, J. R.
- Empirically Quantifying Unit-Nonresponse-Errors in Online-Surveys and Suggestions for Computational...; 2002; Lukawetz, G.
- An Experiment on Computer-assisted Questionnaire Design for University Didactics Quality Measurement; 2002; Fabbris, L.
- Comparing Self-administered Computer Surveys and Auditory Interviews: An Experiment; 2002; Chang, L. C., Krosnick, J. A.
- Mail and Web Surveys: A Cost and Response Rate Comparison in a Study on Students Housing Conditions; 2002; Forsman, G., Varedian, M.
- Paper and Pencil versus Web Survey. Measurement Effects and Mode Differences; 2002; Fuchs, M.
- An evaluation of the effect of response formats on data quality in Web surveys; 2002; Heerwegh, D., Loosveldt, G.
- Improving Unit-Nonresponse Error Correction in Online Surveys Using Multi-Dimensional Response Models...; 2002; Lukawetz, G.
- Toward a Typology of Internet Users and Online Privacy Concerns; 2002; Sheehan, K. B.
- Internet surveys: the role of time in firms response behaviour; 2002; Biffignandi, S., Pratesi, M.
- Usability Testing of Web Data Collection Instruments; 2002; Thalji, L., Antunes, M. J., Wiebe, E. F.
- Nonresponse Error and Mode Effects in the Web-Enabled Survey on Civic Attitudes and Behaviors after...; 2002; Thalji, L., Langer, M., Pulliam, P., Wiebe, E. F.
- Internet Surveys and Data Quality - A Review; 2002; Tuten, T. L., Urban, D.J., Bosnjak, M.
- Forms of Research in MUDs; 2002; Utz, S.
- Not Sure About "Don't Know"?: Effects of Response Choice in Mixed Mode Surveys; 2002; Terhanian, G., Thomas, R. K., Bremer, J., Smith, R.
- More Is Not Necessarily Better: Effects of Response Categories on Measurement Stability and Validity; 2002; Thomas, R. K., Uldall, B. R., Krosnick, J. A.
- A Web-based Experiment to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Vaccine Information Sheets; 2002; Turner, A., Thalji, L., Wagers, R., Laird, G., Heaps, W.
- Reliability and Validity of Web-based Surveys: Effects of Response Modality, Item Format, and Number...; 2002; Uldall, B. R., Thomas, R. K., Krosnick, J. A.
- Mode Effect in Web Surveys; 2002; Vehovar, V., Lozar Manfreda, K.
- Reasons for unit and partial nonresponse in Web surveys; 2002; Vehovar, V., Koren, G., Lozar Manfreda, K.
- Nonresponse in Web Surveys; 2002; Vehovar, V., Lozar Manfreda, K., Zaletel, M., Batagelj, Z.
- Web-Surveys - An Appropriate Mode of Data-Collection for the Social Sciences?; 2002; Bandilla, W.
- Generalizability Issues in Internet-Based Survey Research: Implications for the Internet Addiction Controversy...; 2002; Bremer, J.

