Web Survey Bibliography
Ample empirical evidence suggests that prenotification is an important method to increase response rates in mail surveys. However, for Web-based surveys, the results on prenotification appear to be mixed. One explanation may be the lack of awareness of the initial e-mail contacts. For instance, automatic spam filters and unidentified senders of the prenotifications could lower the chance of the e-mail being noticed. To increase awareness when contacting participants for Web-based surveys, it might be more effective to send the invitations directly to the respondents’ cellular phones. This method seems most promising with younger persons in Germany, because this segment has near-universal cellular phone coverage. To compare the effectiveness of different prenotification procedures, we experimentally varied the initial contact mode in a fully crossed two-factorial design with (1) three different prenotification conditions and (2) two ‘invitation and reminder’ conditions. University freshmen were recruited for a Web-based access panel by completing a short paper and pencil questionnaire in a classroom setting consisting of basic demographics, psychographics, and questions about lifestyles. A total of 560 students were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental conditions: On the prenotification factor, one group received no prenotification at all, a second was contacted by mobile messaging (SMS) on their mobile phone, and a third group was contacted by e-mail, both announcing the prospective survey. For the survey invitation and reminder, respondents were randomly contacted either by e-mail or by SMS. Our paper will point out the influences of the experimental manipulations on various measures related to data quality. For example, response rates varied between 50% and 84% across the experimental conditions, with the combination of SMS prenotification and e-mail invitation performing the best. However, the use of SMS invitations led to quicker responses. Besides further elaborating on these results, we will also point out the influences of the experimental manipulations on sample composition and the responses to the substantive questions. Finally, practical implications for contacting participants of Web-based access panels in marketing and social research will be discussed.
Web survey bibliography (4086)
- Some like it hot. Individual differences in responses to group feeling thermometers; 1989; Wilcox, C., Sigelman, L., Cook, E.
- Customer satisfaction research using disks-by-mail; 1989; Zabdan, P., Frost, L.
- The Effects of Appeals, Anonymity, and Feedback on Mail Survey Response Patterns from Salespeople; 1989; Pradeep, K. T.
- Survey of procedures to control extreme sampling weights; 1988; Potter, F.
- Priming and communication: Social determinants of information use in judgments of life satisfaction; 1988; Strack, F., Martin, L. L., Schwarz, N.
- CATI Instrument Logical Structures: An Analysis With Applications; 1988; Futterman, M.
- Response Effects in Computer-Administered Questioning; 1988; Liefeld, J. P.
- Optimal Call Scheduling for a Telephone Survey ; 1987; Weeks, M. F., Kulka, R. A., Pierson, S. A.
- Rating scales can influence results; 1986
- Sampling Rare Populations; 1986; Kalton, G., Anderson, D.W.
- Interpreting interpersonal behavior: The effects of expectancies; 1986; Jones, E. E.
- College sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology's view...; 1986; Sears, D. O.
- The Status of Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing: Part II. Data Quality Issues; 1986; Groves, R. M., Nicholls II, W. L.
- The Status of Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing: Part I - Introduction and Impact on Cost and...; 1986; Nicholls II, W. L., Groves, R. M.
- Questionnaire Design Activities in Government Statistics Offices; 1985; Sudman, S., Cowan, C. D.
- Cognitive science and survey methods; 1984; Tourangeau, R.
- Category ratings and the relational character of judgment; 1983; Parducci, A.
- Effect on Weighting Adjustments on Estimates From a Random-digit-dialed Telephone Survey; 1982; Botman, S.L.; Massey, J. T.; Shimizu, I.M.
- Asking questions: A practical guide to questionnaire design; 1982; Sudman, S., Bradburn, N. M.
- Application of multi-attribute utility theory to measure social preferences for health states; 1982; Torrance, G. W., Boyle, M. H., Horwood, S. P.
- Question & answers in attitude surveys. Experiment of question form, wording, and context; 1981; Schuman, H., Presser, S.
- Label versus position in rating scales; 1981; Friedman, H., Leefer R., J.
- Surveys by telephone: a national comparison with personal interviews; 1979; Groves, R. M., Kahn, R. L.
- Evaluation of the Feeling Thermometer. A Report to the National Election Study Board based on data from...; 1979; Weisberg, H. F., Miller, A. H.
- Generalizing Mail SurveyInducement Methods: Population Interactionswith Anonymity and Sponsorship; 1979; Jones, W. H.
- Applied Sampling (Quantitative studies in social relations); 1976; Sudman, S.
- Logic and conversation; 1975; Grice, P. H.
- Response effects in surveys: A review and synthesis; 1974; Sudman, S., Bradburn, N. M.
- On Sampling of Very Rare Human Populations; 1972; Sudman, S.
- Some reflections on consumer panels; 1969; Hill, R. W.
- A theory of organization and change within value-attitude systems; 1968; Rokeach, M.
- The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement; 1960; Gouldner, A.W.
- A generalization of sampling without replacement from a finite universe; 1952; Horvitz, D. G., Thompson, D. J.
- The art of asking questions; 1951; Payne, S.
- Gauging public opinion; 1944; Cantril, H.
- Recent trends in the development of market research; 1936