Web Survey Bibliography
Although many national telephone surveys are now conducted using dual frame samples that include cell phones, many other surveys – including most state and local surveys - still do not interview people on cell phones because of cost considerations or difficulties with sampling. As the number of households without landline phones continues to grow, the potential for noncoverage bias also gets larger. Only a few examples of a significant bias have appeared in the literature, but previous research indicates that the potential for bias is greater for certain topics and population subgroups than for others. For example, noncoverage bias has been identified for certain health behaviors among young adults, for presidential vote preference among adults ages 30-39 and – perhaps not surprisingly – for questions about cell phone usage. We update and extend a previous Pew Research Center study of noncoverage bias by analyzing questions included in a variety of surveys conducted in 2008 and 2009. To assess the size of the bias, we compare weighted estimates from landline respondents to those obtained from combined samples of landline and cell respondents, using appropriate statistical tests for overlapping samples. The surveys cover a wide range of topics including public policy issues, personal and national economic ratings, foreign policy views, political values, attitudes about technology, Internet usage and communications behaviors, religious and social values, and attitudes about science. Although little evidence has emerged to indicate that “cell mostly” respondents are underrepresented in landline surveys, we also will evaluate whether telephone usage patterns among dual households (with both landlines and cell phones) are associated with substantive responses.
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Web survey bibliography - Keeter, S. (9)
- Theory and Practice in Nonprobability Surveys: Parallels between Causal Inference and Survey Inference...; 2017; Mercer, A. W.; Kreuter, F.; Keeter, S.; Stuart, E. A.
- Decomposing Selection Effects in Non-probability Samples ; 2016; Mercer, A. W.; Keeter, S.; Kreuter, F.
- Methods can matter: Where Web surveys produce different results than phone interviews; 2016; Keeter, S.
- App vs. Web for Surveys of Smartphone Users: Experimenting with mobile apps for signal-contingent experience...; 2015; McGeeney, K.; Keeter, S.; Igielnik, R.; Smith, A.; Rainie, L.
- Advance Postcard Mailing Improves Web Panel Survey Participation; 2015; Bertoni, N.; Burkey, A.; Caldaro, M.; Keeter, S.; DiSogra, C.; McGeeney, K.
- A Comparison of Results from Surveys by the Pew Research Center and Google Consumer Surveys; 2012; Keeter, S., Christian, L. M.
- Assessing Cell Phone Noncoverage Bias Across Different Topics and Subgroups; 2010; Christian, L. M., Keeter, S., Purcell, K., Smith, A.
- Do Landline RDD Samples Adequately Cover the "Wireless Mostly"?; 2009; Dimock, M., Christian, L. M., Keeter, S.
- Cell-Phone-Only Voters in the 2008 Exit Poll and Implications for Future Noncoverage Bias ; 2009; Mokrzycki, M., Keeter, S., Kennedy, C.