Web Survey Bibliography
We ran experiments to study the role of email subject lines on improving response rates to Web surveys in nine countries. In the first study (US and Canada) subjects received an email invitation and two email reminders; we randomly assigned potential respondents to receive different email subject lines for each. For the initial invitation, the subject line was either a question (―Would you like to provide your feedback?‖) or a polite request (―Please provide your feedback‖). The polite request received 21% more responses. For the first reminder, the subject line either appealed to personal interests by reminding them of the incentive (―Provide feedback & receive a mug‖) or played on the bandwagon effect (―Join other advertisers in providing feedback‖). The incentive reminder was 94% more effective. The final reminder either provided a deadline for completing the survey or did not; including a deadline in the subject line was 42% more effective. We replicated the experiment in Europe, with modifications: no incentive was offered, and subjects were randomized to condition for each email. The body of the email invitation was kept the same across conditions--only the subject line differed. As in North America, the polite request outperformed the question, improving the response rate by 21%. The second experiment tested the ‗bandwagon‘ wording against a strong directive: Provide your feedback on...; the directive improved RR by 18%, a statistically significant difference for 5 of the 7 countries. Finally, in Europe we did not see a difference between a reminder that included a deadline and one that did not; we hypothesize the lack of incentive lead to a lack of urgency to complete the survey on time. We will discuss these findings in light of the literature on email subject lines and provide suggestions for using subject lines to improve RR to Web surveys.
Conference Homepage (abstract)
Web survey bibliography - 2011 (358)
- The Validity of Surveys: Online and Offline; 2016; Wiersma, W.
- Computer science security research and human subjects: Emerging considerations for research ethics boards...; 2013; Buchanan, E. A., Aycock, J., Dexter, S., Dittrich, D., Hvizdak, E. E.
- Multiple Sources of Nonobservation Error in Telephone Surveys: Coverage and Nonresponse; 2011; Peytchev, A.; Carley-Baxter, L. R.; Black, M. C.
- Online Questionnaires for Outbreak Investigations; 2011; Parry, A. E.; Johnson, D. R.; Byron-Gray, K.; Raupach, J. C. A.; McPherson, M.
- Inventory of published research: Response burden measurement and reduction in official business statistics...; 2011; Giesen, D. & Snijkers, G. (Eds.), Bavdaz, M., Bergstrom, Y., Gravem, D. F., Haraldsen, G., Hedlin, D...
- Effects of speeding on satisficing in Mixed-Mode Surveys; 2011; Bathelt, S., Bauknecht, J.
- Using Research-Based Practices to Increase Response Rates of Web-Based Surveys; 2011; Perkins, R. A.
- Using break-offs in web interviews for predicting web response in mixed mode surveys; 2011; Beukenhorst, D.
- Web panels in Slovenia; 2011; Lenar, J.
- Traditional and non-traditional treatments for autism spectrum disorder with seizures: an on-line survey...; 2011; Frye, R. E., Sreenivasula, S., Adams, J. B.
- Understanding the new digital divide—A typology of Internet users in Europe; 2011; Brandtzæg, P.B.; Heim, J.; Karahasanoviæ, A.
- Patients’ attitudes toward side effects of antidepressants: an Internet survey; 2011; Kikuchi, T., Uchida, H., Suzuki, T., Watanabe, K., Kashima, H.
- Web-based or paper-based surveys: a quandary?; 2011; Bennett, L., Sid Nair, C.
- Refining the Total Survey Error Perspective; 2011; Smith, T. W.
- ELIPSS: Étude Longitudinale par Internet Pour les Sciences Sociales; 2011; Legleye, S., Lesnard, L.
- Less questions, more data: Revitalizing the european currency in single source affluent audience measurement...; 2011; Hartman, H.
- Linking website exposure data to survey data: A single-source solution; 2011; Krahn, J., Landi, J., Melton, E.
- Inference in surveys with sequential mixed-mode data collection; 2011; Buelens, B., van der Brakel, J.
- Using a Probability-based Online Panel to Survey American Jews; 2011; Wright, G., Phillips, B. T., Tobias, J., Peugh, J., Semans, K.
- Choice of Content Presentation Mode in Web-Based Survey Administration; 2011; Osborn, L., Mansfield, W., Ramirez, C. M., Lacey, J. N., etc.
- Seasonal Yield Variation and Related Response Patterns in Address-based Mail Samples; 2011; DiSogra, C., Hendarwan, E.
- Gender-specific on-line shopping preferences; 2011; Ulbrich, F., Christensen, T., Stankus, L.
- Mixing modes in the LFS - Computer-assisted, cost effective and respondent friendly; 2011; Koerner, T., van der Valk, J.
- Peanuts and Monkeys: Incentivisation and engagement in online access panels; 2011; Marks, B.
- Establishing Cross-National Equivalence of Measures of Xenophobia: Evidence from Probing in Web Surveys...; 2011; Braun, M., Behr, D., Kaczmirek, L.
- Methodological challenges in the use of the Internet for scientific research: Ten solutions and recommendations...; 2011; Reips, U.-D., Buchanan, T., Krantz, J. H., McGrawn, K.Reips, U.-D.
- Search and email still top the list of most popular online activities; 2011; Purcell, K.
- Using Internet in Stated Preference Surveys: A Review and Comparison of Survey Modes; 2011; Lindhjem, H., Navrud, S.
- On the experience and evidence about mixing modes of data collection in large-scale surveys where the...; 2011; Dex, S., Gumy, J.
- Survey Gamification: Old Wine in New Bottles?; 2011; Baker, R. P.
- The Game Experiments: Researching how gaming techniques can be used to improve the quality of feedback...; 2011; Sleep, D., Puleston, J.
- Statistical Estimation of Word Acquisition With Application to Readability Prediction; 2011; Kidwell, P., Lebanon, G., Collins-Thompson, K.
- What is Probit; 2011
- Voice-of-the-customer marketing: A revolutionary 5-step process to create customers who care, spend,...; 2011; Roman, E.
- User agent; 2011
- Unpublisihed internal Google report on break off rates by device type; 2011; Callegaro, M.
- Toward wiser public judgment; 2011; Yankelovich, D., Friedman, W.
- The impact of cookie deletion on site-server and ad-server metrics in Australia. An empirical comScore...; 2011
- The changing role of address-based sampling in survey research; 2011; Iannacchione, V. G.
- State of mobile measurement; 2011; Gluck, M.
- Some issues in the application of latent class models for questionnaire design; 2011; Biemer, P. P., Berzofsky, M.
- Self-administered mobile surveys; 2011; Bosnjak, M.
- SDSC Announces scalable, high-performance data storage cloud; 2011
- Ratings and audience measurement; 2011; Napoli, P. M.
- Randomized response models in survey sampling. Randomized response models; 2011; Hussain, Z.
- Online survey research: Findings, best practices, and future research. Report prepared for the Advertising...; 2011; Vannette, D.
- Online survey research: Findings, Best practices, and future research; 2011
- New Esomar survey on use of cookies and tracking technologies; 2011
- Mobile, webmail, desktops: Where are we viewing email now?; 2011
- Measuring americans' issue priorities. A new version of the most important problem question reveals...; 2011; Yeager, D. S., Larson, S. B., Krosnick, J. A., Tompson, T.