Web Survey Bibliography
Internet-based experiments are characterized by the physical absence of an experimenter and the difficulty to provide a standardized experimental arrangement. How does this affect internal validity and precision? Three experiments on different psychological questions, following studies by Heider and Simmel (1944), Morris and Stevens (1974), and Moyer (1973), were conducted in the virtual laboratory Lab.OR. To different degrees each of the selected experiments demanded commitment of participants and features measurements, which are usually considered susceptible to external disturbances. Each experiment was conducted as an Internet-based experiment and, using WLAN-notebooks, additionally in two other settings (laboratory rooms / public rest areas on campus), so that the degree of standardization of the experimental arrangement was varied. While the experimenter was virtually present in the Internet-based experiments, the kind of physical presence of the experimenter was varied in the laboratory and campus settings: either he was actively involved and gave oral instructions, or he just attended the experiment, but did not play an active part while all information was provided on the computer's screen.
Results show that all experiments provide equally valid and precise results, independent of setting or mode of presence of the experimenter. Taking into account the different psychological variables studied in the different experiments, some interesting effects were found: Participants' performance was affected by the kind of presence of the experimenter, when they had to write an elaborate report, but not when response latencies or recall rates were obtained. Lack of standardization of the environment did only affect response rates: performance in laboratory and Internet settings was superior to campus setting.
Implications for experimental online research and the potential of using the virtual laboratory Lab.OR in teaching experimental psychology to point out methodological specifics of online-experiments conducted in different settings are discussed.
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Web survey bibliography - International Journal of Internet Science (11)
- Will They Stay or Will They Go? Personality Predictors of Dropout in Online Study; 2016; Nestler, S.; Thielsch, M.; Vasilev, E.; Back, M.
- WEBDATANET: Innovation and Quality in Web-Based Data Collection ; 2014; Steinmetz, S., Slavec, A., Tijdens, K. G., Reips, U.-D., de Pedraza, P., Popescu, A., Belchior, A., ...,...
- Mining “Big Data” using Big Data Services ; 2014; Reips, U.-D., Matzat, U.
- Does It Pay Off to Include Non-Internet Households in an Internet Panel? ; 2013; Leenheer, J., Scherpenzeel, A.
- ReCal OIR: Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio Intercoder Reliability as a Web Service; 2013; Freelon, D. G.
- News Platform Preference: Advancing the Effects of Age and Media Consumption on Political Participation...; 2010; Bachmann, I., Kaufhold, K., Lewis, S. C., de Zuniga, H. G.
- ReCal: Intercoder Reliability Calculation as a Web Service ; 2010; Freelon, D. G.
- Continuous Measurement of Musically-Induced Emotion: A Web Experiment ; 2009; Egermann, H., Nagel, F., Altenmueller, E., Kopiez, R.
- The Impact of Textual Messages of Encouragement on Web Survey Breakoffs: An Experiment ; 2009; Sakshaug, J. W., Crawford, S. D.
- Objectivity, Reliability, and Validity of Search Engine Count Estimates ; 2008; Janetzko, D.
- Physical or Virtual Presence of the Experimenter: Psychological Online-Experiments in Different Settings...; 2006; Ollesch, H., Heineken, E., Schulte, F. P.