Web Survey Bibliography
Self-selected samples and the lack of representativity of internet users, on topics other than the internet or computers, remain the prominent problems of standardized online surveys. The inherent coverage bias means that, in many cases, populations cannot be reflected by the internet community, for not everybody has access to the internet and, thus, the chance to respond. Often times, the sampling procedure cannot be carried out in the same manner as for classical data collection, which incurs further problems like sampling bias or self-recruitment. The quantification of the nonresponse bias and other statistical measures of fit is basically impracticable; therefore, judgements on data quality fail or have to be doubted.
The object of this study was a parallel, written and web-based, student evaluation survey. In order to isolate possible biases, a two-stage process was applied: first, a laboratory experiment assessed the measurement error caused by the collection mode. Subsequently, a random sample (n=484; N=985) were surveyed, testing for nonresponse bias. During both stages, respondents were randomly assigned to one of the two modes, both of which using the same questionnaire in terms of its content. As a result, significant differences occurred neither for the answers given nor for the rate of return, but only for the speed of return. As a consequence, this pilot project may be extended into an interconnected study at several nearby universities, gaining further consolidated findings on the comparability of modes and preparing a federal investigation.
Selbstselektierte Stichproben und fehlende Repräsentativität von Internetnutzern bei Erhebungsthemen jenseits von Internet und Computern sind die Hauptprobleme von standardisierten Online-Befragungen. Das medienbedingte Coverage-Problem führt dazu, daß die abzubildenden Grundgesamtheiten für viele Fragestellungen durch die Internetnutzer noch nicht widergespiegelt werden, weil nicht jedes Subjekt Zugang zum Internet und somit keine Möglichkeit zur Teilnahme hat. Stichprobenziehungen sind in der Praxis häufig nicht in gleicher Weise möglich wie bei klassischen Erhebungsformen, was zu weiteren Verzerrungseffekten durch Stichprobenfehler oder Selbstrekrutierung führt. Die Quantifizierung des Nonresponse-Fehlers sowie weiterer inferenzstatistischer Gütekriterien wird dadurch weitestgehend unmöglich, so daß Aussagen über die Datenqualität meist ausbleiben oder zweifelhaft sind.
Untersuchungsgegenstand dieser Studie ist eine parallele schriftliche und web-basierte Studierendenbefragung zum Hochschulranking. Um mögliche Verzerrungseffekte zu isolieren, wird ein zweistufiges Verfahren eingesetzt, wobei im ersten Schritt der methodenbedingte Meßfehler durch ein Laborexperiment bestimmt wird. In der anschließenden Felderhebung zur Ermittlung des Nonresponse-Fehlers wird eine Zufallsstichprobe (n=484; N=985) ausgewählt. In beiden Phasen werden die Probanden zufällig einer der beiden zu vergleichenden Erhebungsmethoden zugewiesen und inhaltlich die gleichen Meßinstrumente (HTML- bzw. Papierfragebogen) eingesetzt. Im Ergebnis traten signifikante Unterschiede zwischen beiden Erhebungsmethoden weder bei den gegebenen Antworten noch bei den Rücklaufquoten auf, sondern nur bei der Rücklaufgeschwindigkeit. In der Folge könnte dieses Pilotprojekt als Verbunduntersuchung auf weitere Fakultäten an den nordrhein-westfälischen Universitäten an Rhein und Ruhr ausgeweitet werden, um die Erkenntnisse über die Vergleichbarkeit zu verdichten und eine bundesweite Ausdehnung vorzubereiten.
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Web survey bibliography - Germany (361)
- The Video-Enhanced Web Survey Data Quality and Cognitive Processing of Questions; 2009; Fuchs, M.
- Gender-of-Interviewer Effects in a Video-Enhanced Web Survey: Results from a Randomized Field Experiment...; 2009; Fuchs, M.
- Mobility, Flexibility and Identity - How the use of mobile questionnaires improves the data quality...; 2009; Hellwig, O., Wirth, T.
- Evaluating two different mobile survey approaches: personal mobile panel research and ad-hoc mobile...; 2009; Friedrich-Freksa, M., Metzger, G.
- Coverage- und Nonresponse-Effekte bei Online-Bevölkerungsumfragen ; 2009; Bandilla, W., Kaczmirek, L., Blohm, M., Neubarth, W.
- Using the World-Wide Web to obtain large-scale word norms: 190,212 ratings on a set of 2,654 German...; 2009; Lahl, O., Goeritz, A., Pietrowsky, R., Rosenberg, J.
- TitleInternet-basierte Messung sozialer Erwünschtheit: Theoretische Grundlagen und experimentelle Untersuchung...; 2008; Kaufmann, E., Reips, U.-D.
- Sozialforschung im Internet: Methodologie und Praxis der Online-Befragung; 2008; Jackob, N., Schoen, H., Zerback, T. (eds.)
- Does speed in completing an online questionnaire have an influence on its reliability?; 2008; Montag, C., Reuter, M.
- Response Effects in Video-enhanced Web Surveys; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- Using Internet Pages of Organisations as Data Source for Social Science Research; 2008; Baumgarten, B., Grauel, J.
- Representativeness in Online-Surveys Through Stratified Sample; 2008; Blasius, J.
- Individual payments as a longer-term incentive in online panels ; 2008; Goeritz, A., Wolff, H.-G., Goldstein, D. G.
- Communicative Channels, Cognitive Processes and Question Understanding: Results from a Randomized Field...; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- The effects of incentives in internet panels: a review; 2008; Goeritz, A.
- Phone respondents reported less mental health problems whereas mail interviewee gave higher physical...; 2008; Ravens-Sieberer, U., Erhart, M., Wetzel, R., Krügel, A., Brambosch, A.
- Mobile Market Research; 2008; Maxl, E.
- Online vs. Offline in Mobile Surveys; 2008; Neubarth, W., Maier, U.
- Gender-of-Interviewer Effects in Video-Enhanced Web Surveys. Results from a Randomized Field-Experiment...; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- Nicht-reaktive datenerhebung: Teinahmeverhalten bei befragungen mit paradaten evaluieren. [Non reactive...; 2007; Kaczmirek, L., Neubarth, W.
- Using Audio and Video Clips in Web Surveys — Feasibility and Impact on Data Quality; 2007; Fuchs, M., Funke, F.
- Sampling Bias: Face to face to Web; 2007; Bandilla, W., Blohm, M., Kaczmirek, L., Neubarth, W.
- First Experiences with Internet Surveying in the German Socio-Economic Panel; 2007; Wagner, G. G., Schupp, J., Schraepler, J.-P., Siegel, N.
- The anonymous elect. Market research through online access panels; 2006; Postoaca, A.
- Blocked versus randomized format of questionnaires. A confirmatory multigroup analysis; 2006; Sparfeldt, J. R., Schilling, S. R., Rost, D. H., Rost, D. H., Thiel, A.
- Physical or Virtual Presence of the Experimenter: Psychological Online-Experiments in Different Settings...; 2006; Ollesch, H., Heineken, E., Schulte, F. P.
- Cash Lotteries as Incentives in Online Panels; 2006; Goeritz, A.
- Putting a Questionnaire on the Web is not Enough # A Comparison of Online and Offline Surveys Conducted...; 2006; Faas, T., Schoen, H.
- Beyond response rates: Effects of different (Web-) survey implementation procedures on sample composition...; 2006; Bosnjak, M., Marcus, B., Schuetz, A., Lindner, S., Pilischenko, S.
- Controlling the Baseline Speed of Respondents: An Empirical Evaluation of Data Treatment Methods of...; 2005; Mayerl, J.
- Determinanten der Rücklaufquote in Online-Panels; 2005; Batanic, B., Moser, K.
- Standards in Online Surveys. Sources for Professional Codes of Conduct, Ethical Guidelines and Quality...; 2005; Kaczmirek, L., Schulze, N.
- Sampling procedure, questionnaire design, online implementation; 2005; Jackob, N., Arens, J., Zerback, T., Jowell, R., de Rouvray, C.
- When Methodology Interferes With Substance; 2005; Schoen, H., Faas, T.
- The Quality of Ego-Centered Network Data: A comparison of online versus offline data collection; 2005; Snijders, C., Matzat, U.
- Meta-Analyses on Contingent versus Unconditional Incentives; 2005; Goeritz, A.
- Using an access panel as a sampling frame for voluntary household surveys. Experiences from a pilot...; 2004; Korner, T., Nimmergut, A.
- Examining expert reviews as a pretest method; 2004; DeMaio, T., Landreth, A.
- Cooperation and Community on the Internet: Past Issues and Present Perspectives for theoretical-empirical...; 2004; Matzat, U.
- Response and Field Period Effects: The Effect of Time in Online Market Research and Consequences for...; 2004; Basso Larsen, R., Rathod, S.
- Online or Not Online? A Comparison of Offline and Online Surveys Conducted in the Context of 2002 German...; 2004; Faas, T.
- Changing from PAPI to CAPI: A Longitudinal Study Dealing with Mode-Effects in the German Socio-Economic...; 2004; Schraepler, J.-P., Schupp, J., Wagner, G. G
- Paper and pencil or online? Methodological Experiences from an employee survey; 2004; Poetschke, M.
- Survey Administration Effects? A Comparison of Web-Based and Traditional Written Self-Administered Surveys...; 2003; Bandilla, W., Bosnjak, M., Altdorfer, P.
- Bracketing effects in categorized survey questions and the measurement of economic quantities; 2002; Winter, J.
- WeXtor 2.5: Develop, manage, and visualize experimental designs and procedures; 2002; Reips, U.-D., Blumer, T., Neuhaus, C.
- Cognitive processes when answering online questionnaires; 2002; Fuchs, M.
- Online surveys with simple random samples for large populations; 2002; Kreuels, B.
- Sampling problems in research on personal Homepages; 2002; Marcus, B., Machilek, F., Schuetz, A., Kilian, C.
- Social desirable responding and age on the Internet: older participants in online studies show a higher...; 2002; Reips, U.-D., Stoeber, J., Hahn, A.