Web Survey Bibliography
Self-selected samples and the lack of representativity of internet users, on topics other than the internet or computers, remain the prominent problems of standardized online surveys. The inherent coverage bias means that, in many cases, populations cannot be reflected by the internet community, for not everybody has access to the internet and, thus, the chance to respond. Often times, the sampling procedure cannot be carried out in the same manner as for classical data collection, which incurs further problems like sampling bias or self-recruitment. The quantification of the nonresponse bias and other statistical measures of fit is basically impracticable; therefore, judgements on data quality fail or have to be doubted.
The object of this study was a parallel, written and web-based, student evaluation survey. In order to isolate possible biases, a two-stage process was applied: first, a laboratory experiment assessed the measurement error caused by the collection mode. Subsequently, a random sample (n=484; N=985) were surveyed, testing for nonresponse bias. During both stages, respondents were randomly assigned to one of the two modes, both of which using the same questionnaire in terms of its content. As a result, significant differences occurred neither for the answers given nor for the rate of return, but only for the speed of return. As a consequence, this pilot project may be extended into an interconnected study at several nearby universities, gaining further consolidated findings on the comparability of modes and preparing a federal investigation.
Selbstselektierte Stichproben und fehlende Repräsentativität von Internetnutzern bei Erhebungsthemen jenseits von Internet und Computern sind die Hauptprobleme von standardisierten Online-Befragungen. Das medienbedingte Coverage-Problem führt dazu, daß die abzubildenden Grundgesamtheiten für viele Fragestellungen durch die Internetnutzer noch nicht widergespiegelt werden, weil nicht jedes Subjekt Zugang zum Internet und somit keine Möglichkeit zur Teilnahme hat. Stichprobenziehungen sind in der Praxis häufig nicht in gleicher Weise möglich wie bei klassischen Erhebungsformen, was zu weiteren Verzerrungseffekten durch Stichprobenfehler oder Selbstrekrutierung führt. Die Quantifizierung des Nonresponse-Fehlers sowie weiterer inferenzstatistischer Gütekriterien wird dadurch weitestgehend unmöglich, so daß Aussagen über die Datenqualität meist ausbleiben oder zweifelhaft sind.
Untersuchungsgegenstand dieser Studie ist eine parallele schriftliche und web-basierte Studierendenbefragung zum Hochschulranking. Um mögliche Verzerrungseffekte zu isolieren, wird ein zweistufiges Verfahren eingesetzt, wobei im ersten Schritt der methodenbedingte Meßfehler durch ein Laborexperiment bestimmt wird. In der anschließenden Felderhebung zur Ermittlung des Nonresponse-Fehlers wird eine Zufallsstichprobe (n=484; N=985) ausgewählt. In beiden Phasen werden die Probanden zufällig einer der beiden zu vergleichenden Erhebungsmethoden zugewiesen und inhaltlich die gleichen Meßinstrumente (HTML- bzw. Papierfragebogen) eingesetzt. Im Ergebnis traten signifikante Unterschiede zwischen beiden Erhebungsmethoden weder bei den gegebenen Antworten noch bei den Rücklaufquoten auf, sondern nur bei der Rücklaufgeschwindigkeit. In der Folge könnte dieses Pilotprojekt als Verbunduntersuchung auf weitere Fakultäten an den nordrhein-westfälischen Universitäten an Rhein und Ruhr ausgeweitet werden, um die Erkenntnisse über die Vergleichbarkeit zu verdichten und eine bundesweite Ausdehnung vorzubereiten.
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Web survey bibliography (361)
- Interviewer effects on onliner and offliner participation in the German Internet Panel; 2017; Herzing, J. M. E.; Blom, A. G.; Meuleman, B.
- Comparing the same Questionnaire between five Online Panels: A Study of the Effect of Recruitment Strategy...; 2017; Schnell, R.; Panreck, L.
- Push2web or less is more? Experimental evidence from a mixed-mode population survey at the community...; 2017; Neumann, R.; Haeder, M.; Brust, O.; Dittrich, E.; von Hermanni, H.
- Social Desirability and Undesirability Effects on Survey Response latencies; 2017; Andersen, H.; Mayerl, J.
- Comparison of response patterns in different survey designs: a longitudinal panel with mixed-mode and...; 2017; Ruebsamen, N.; Akmatov, M. K.; Castell, S.; Karch, A.; Mikolajczyk, R. T.
- Mobile Research im Kontext der digitalen Transformation; 2017; Friedrich-Freksa, M.
- Kognitives Pretesting; 2017; Neuert, C.
- Grundzüge des Datenschutzrechts und aktuelle Datenschutzprobleme in der Markt- und Sozialforschung; 2017; Schweizer, A.
- Article Establishing an Open Probability-Based Mixed-Mode Panel of the General Population in Germany...; 2017; Bosnjak, M.; Dannwolf, T.; Enderle, T.; Schaurer, I.; Struminskaya, B.; Tanner, A.; Weyandt, K.
- Socially Desirable Responding in Web-Based Questionnaires: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Candor Hypothesis...; 2016; Gnambs, T.; Kaspar, K.
- Methodological Aspects of Central Left-Right Scale Placement in a Cross-national Perspective; 2016; Scholz, E.; Zuell, C.
- Predicting and Preventing Break-Offs in Web Surveys; 2016; Mittereder, F.
- Incorporating eye tracking into cognitive interviewing to pretest survey questions; 2016; Neuert, C.; Lenzner, T.
- Geht’s auch mit der Maus? – Eine Methodenstudie zu Online-Befragungen in der Jugendforschung...; 2016; Heim, R.; Konowalczyk, S.; Grgic, M.; Seyda, M.; Burrmann, U.; Rauschenbach, T.
- Comparing Cognitive Interviewing and Online Probing: Do They Find Similar Results?; 2016; Meitinger, K., Behr, D.
- Device Effects - How different screen sizes affect answers in online surveys; 2016; Fisher, B.; Bernet, F.
- Effects of motivating question types with graphical support in multi channel design studies; 2016; Luetters, H.; Friedrich-Freksa, M.; Vitt, SGoldstein, D. G.
- Analyzing Cognitive Burden of Survey Questions with Paradata: A Web Survey Experiment; 2016; Hoehne, J. K.; Schlosser, S.; Krebs, D.
- Secondary Respondent Consent in the German Family Panel; 2016; Schmiedeberg, C.; Castiglioni, L.; Schroeder, J.
- Does Changing Monetary Incentive Schemes in Panel Studies Affect Cooperation? A Quasi-experiment on...; 2016; Schaurer, I.; Bosnjak, M.
- Using Cash Incentives to Help Recruitment in a Probability Based Web Panel: The Effects on Sign Up Rates...; 2016; Krieger, U.
- The Mobile Web Only Population: Socio-demographic Characteristics and Potential Bias ; 2016; Fuchs, M.; Metzler, A.
- The Impact of Scale Direction, Alignment and Length on Responses to Rating Scale Questions in a Web...; 2016; Keusch, F.; Liu, M.; Yan, T.
- Web Surveys Versus Other Survey Modes: An Updated Meta-analysis Comparing Response Rates ; 2016; Wengrzik, J.; Bosnjak, M.; Lozar Manfreda, K.
- Retrospective Measurement of Students’ Extracurricular Activities with a Self-administered Calendar...; 2016; Furthmueller, P.
- Privacy Concerns in Responses to Sensitive Questions. A Survey Experiment on the Influence of Numeric...; 2016; Bader, F., Bauer, J., Kroher, M., Riordan, P.
- Ballpoint Pens as Incentives with Mail Questionnaires – Results of a Survey Experiment; 2016; Heise, M.
- Does survey mode matter for studying electoral behaviour? Evidence from the 2009 German Longitudinal...; 2016; Bytzek, E.; Bieber, I. E.
- Forecasting proportional representation elections from non-representative expectation surveys; 2016; Graefe, A.
- Setting Up an Online Panel Representative of the General Population The German Internet Panel; 2016; Blom, A. G.; Gathmann, C.; Krieger, U.
- Online Surveys are Mixed-Device Surveys. Issues Associated with the Use of Different (Mobile) Devices...; 2016; Toepoel, V.; Lugtig, P. J.
- Stable Relationships, Stable Participation? The Effects of Partnership Dissolution and Changes in Relationship...; 2016; Mueller, B.; Castiglioni, L.
- Will They Stay or Will They Go? Personality Predictors of Dropout in Online Study; 2016; Nestler, S.; Thielsch, M.; Vasilev, E.; Back, M.
- Respondent Conditioning in Online Panel Surveys: Results of Two Field Experiments; 2016; Struminskaya, B.
- A Privacy-Friendly Method to Reward Participants of Online-Surveys; 2015; Herfert, M.; Lange, B.; Selzer, A.; Waldmann, U.
- The impact of frequency rating scale formats on the measurement of latent variables in web surveys -...; 2015; Menold, N.; Kemper, C. J.
- Investigating response order effects in web surveys using eye tracking; 2015; Karem Hoehne, J.; Lenzner, T.
- Implementation of the forced answering option within online surveys: Do higher item response rates come...; 2015; Decieux, J. P.; Mergener, A.; Neufang, K.; Sischka, P.
- Translating Answers to Open-ended Survey Questions in Cross-cultural Research: A Case Study on the Interplay...; 2015; Behr, D.
- The Effects of Questionnaire Completion Using Mobile Devices on Data Quality. Evidence from a Probability...; 2015; Bosnjak, M.; Struminskaya, B.; Weyandt, K.
- Are they willing to use the web? First results of a possible switch from PAPI to CAPI/CAWI in an establishment...; 2015; Ellguth, P.; Kohaut, S.
- Measuring Political Knowledge in Web-Based Surveys: An Experimental Validation of Visual Versus Verbal...; 2015; Munzert, S.; Selb, P.
- Changing from CAPI to CAWI in an ongoing household panel - experiences from the German Socio-Economic...; 2015; Schupp, J.; Sassenroth, D.
- Rating Scales in Web Surveys: A Test of New Drag-and-Drop Rating Procedures; 2015; Kunz, T.
- Mode System Effects in an Online Panel Study: Comparing a Probability-based Online Panel with two Face...; 2015; Struminskaya, B.; De Leeuw, E. D.; Kaczmirek, L.
- Higher response rates at the expense of validity? Consequences of the implementation of the ‘forced...; 2015; Decieux, J. P.; Mergener, A.; Neufang, K.; Sischka, P.
- A quasi-experiment on effects of prepaid versus promised incentives on participation in a probability...; 2015; Schaurer, I.; Bosnjak, M.
- Response Effects of Prenotification, Prepaid Cash, Prepaid Vouchers, and Postpaid Vouchers: An Experimental...; 2015; van Veen, F.; Goeritz, A.; Sattler, S.
- Recruiting Respondents for a Mobile Phone Panel: The Impact of Recruitment Question Wording on Cooperation...; 2015; Busse, B.; Fuchs, M.
- The Influence of the Answer Box Size on Item Nonresponse to Open-Ended Questions in a Web Survey ; 2015; Zuell, C.; Menold, N.; Koerber, S.